Floating Solar Power Stations in Ukraine: Techno-economic and Ecological Analysis

The article explores the prospects of using floating solar power stations (FSPPS) as an innovative solution for renewable energy production in Ukraine. The aim of this study is to create a theoretical and practical foundation for designing and implementing FSPPS on water bodies, which significantly enhances the efficiency of solar energy use in the specific conditions of Ukraine. Modern FSPPS technologies allow for the placement of solar panels on water surfaces, such as lakes, rivers, or reservoirs, making them ideal for use in areas with limited land resources. In addition to land savings, one of the main advantages of these systems is the natural cooling effect of the solar modules due to the water, which improves their energy efficiency and extends the lifespan of the panels. Water cooling can increase efficiency by 5-10%.
The main goal of this study is to provide a detailed evaluation of the techno-economic feasibility of implementing FSPPS in Ukraine, particularly the assessment of electricity production costs through the calculation of LCOE (Levelized Cost of Energy) and the comparison of these data with traditional land- based solar power stations (SPS). The study revealed that although the initial capital costs of installing FSPPS are higher (550 $/kW) compared to land-based stations (350 $/kW), the benefits from using water resources and increased efficiency offset these additional costs. FSPPS allow for a significant reduction in land costs and a decrease in operational expenses (O&M). For example, the cost of operating FSPPS is 22 $/kW per year, which only slightly exceeds the maintenance costs of traditional SPS (20 $/kW per year). Overall, the results of this study show the great potential of FSPPS for development in Ukraine.
Floating solar power technologies contribute to increasing the country’s energy independence, reducing operational costs, preserving land and water resources, and minimizing the environmental impact.
Considering the importance of ensuring sustainable development and reducing CO₂ emissions, FSPPS could become an important element of Ukraine’s clean energy strategy in the future.