Climate diplomacy as a complex of "soft power" of modern states: international experience and Ukrainian prospects (Research Article)

2018;
: 20-25
https://doi.org/10.23939/shv2018.02.020
Received: October 15, 2018
Accepted: November 12, 2018
1
Lviv National Polytechnic University
2
Lviv Polytechnic National University

The article considers the main approaches to the definition of subjects, objects and peculiarities of climate diplomacy conducting. Based on the analysis of the international experience of climate diplomacy implementation, it has been determined that activity of all participants irrespective of the cooperation level becomes integral while using soft power concept as a part of global environmental politics. The authors identify the key role of the United Nations, which initiated a series of climate conferences, in particular, UN Conference on the Human Environment, held in Stockholm, Sweden in 1972, UN Conference on Environment and Development, held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1992 and The World Summit on Sustainable Development, held in Johannesburg, South Africa in 2002. Moreover, there have been analyzed the
main documents relating to the solution of the global climate change problem, among them UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, Kyoto Protocol and Paris Agreement. The author highlights the importance of the mentioned documents, which were signed in order to ensure the monitoring of natural resources, elimination of pollution, disruption of ecosystem etc. As for Ukraine, there has been determined the place and role of our country in climate diplomacy implementation. Ukraine has ratified main international agreements, related to climate diplomacy. It is concluded that as the prospects of further research there could be the interconnection of energy and climate diplomacy and the search for new ways of cooperation, as well as development of more effective programs that simultaneously meet the needs of business and
economic activities of the state and maintain an appropriate level of environmental safety in the world.

Agenda 21 (1992, June 14). United Nations. Retrieved from http://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/conventions/agenda21.shtml
Alimov, A. (2003). Environmental Policy and Environmental Diplomacy (Conceptual Apparatus and Separate Problems). [In Russian]. Bulletin of St. Petersburg State University, 2003, Ser. 6, (3), 101–109. Retrieved from https://cyberleninka.ru/article/v/ekologicheskaya-diplomatiyav-xxi-veke
Bogolyubova, N., Nikolaeva, Yu. (2014). The Phenomenon of “Green Diplomacy”: International Experience. [In Russian]. Scientific Notes of the Moscow State Medical University, 36, 189–198. Retrieved from https://readera.ru/read/ 14092582
Borschuk, Ye. (2006, May 16). The Role of the UN in Shaping the Concept of Sustainable Development. [In Ukrainian]. Ukrainian National Forestry University, 16, 178–184. Retrieved from http:// nltu.edu.ua/nv/Archive /2006/16_5/178_ Borszczuk_16 _5.pdf
Havrylova, Yu. (2018, April 1). Soft Power and International Environmental Relations. [In Russian]. Altai School of Political Studies. Retrieved from http://ashpi.asu.ru/ic/?p=4538
Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment (1972, June 16). [In Russian]. Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Retrieved from http://zakon3.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/995_454
Dombrovsky, O. (2016, March 18). The Paris Agreement: Ukraine Needs to Cut Emissions by 70%. [In Ukrainian]. Economic Truth. Retrieved from https://www.epravda.com.ua/publications/2016/03/18/585855/
Environmental Justice Implementation Plan (1996). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved from https://www.epa.gov/environmentaljustice/epaenvironmental-justice-implementation-plan-1996
Johannesburg Declaration on Sustainable Development. (2002, September 4). United Nations. Retrieved from http://www.un.org/en/documents/decl_conv/declarations/pdf/dec_wssd.pdf
Kohler, L. (1998). Overview: Occupational Safety and Health and the Environment – Two Sides of the Same Coin. Encyclopaedia of Occupational Health and Safety. Retrieved from http://www.ilocis.org/documents/chpt54e.htm
Kolpakova, T. (2010). Chinese “ecological diplomacy” and the Formation of an International Mechanism for Environmental Protection. [In Russian]. Izvestia: Herzen University Journal of Humanities & Science. St. Petersburg, 70. Retrieved from https://cyberleninka.ru/article/v/kitayskayaekologicheskaya-diplomatiya-i-formirovaniemezhdunarodnogo-mehanizma-ohrany-okruzhayuschey-sredy
Kopylov, M., Boclan, D. (2014). Interaction of International Ecological and International Economic Law as Branches of the System of International Law. [In Russian].Moscow Journal of International Law, 3, 171–191. Retrieved from http://old.mjil.ru/archive/2014-3.pdf
Mcintire, D. (2014, April). Eco-Diplomacy: Building the Foundation. American Foreign Service Association. Retrieved from http://www.afsa.org/eco-diplomacy-buildingfoundation
Nye, J. (2004, April 5). Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics. The Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. Retrieved from https://www.belfercenter. org/sites/default/files/legacy/files/joe_nye_wielding_soft_power.pdf
The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development (1992, June 14). [In Russian]. Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Retrieved from http://zakon2. rada.gov.ua/laws/show/ 995_455
The Concept for the Implementation of the State Policy in the Field of Climate Change for the Period up to 2030. (2017, December 6). [In Ukrainian]. Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. Retrieved from https://www.kmu.gov.ua/ru/npas/prozatverdzhennya-planu-zahodiv-shodo-vikonannya-koncepciyirealizaciyi-derzhavnoyi-politiki-u-sferi-zmini-klimatu-naperiod-do-2030-hand
The Concept of State Climate Change Policy Implementation until 2030. (2016, December 7). [In Ukrainian]. Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. Retrieved from https://www.kmu.gov.ua/ua/npas/ 249573705
The Sustainable Development Goals 2016–2030 (2017, September 15). [In Ukrainian]. United Nations in Ukraine. Retrieved from http://www.un.org.ua/ua/tsili-rozvytkutysiacholittia/tsili-staloho-rozvytku
UK Sustainable Development Strategy (2005). The United Nations. Retrieved from http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/natlinfo/nsds/uk.pdf
Weinber, C. (1998, November 18). From Environmental Diplomacy to Environmentally Sound Diplomacy. Conference Report Environmental Diplomacy, USA: The Johns Hopkins University, 25–30. Retrieved from https://scholar.google.com/scholarq=Weinber%2C%20C.%2C%201998.%20From%20environmental%20diplomacy%20to%20environmentally%20sound%20diplomacy.%20In%20Jackson%2C%20J. %2C%20ed.%20Environmental%20Diploma%2C%20Conference%20Report%2C%2018th%20November%2C%201998.%20Washington%20D.%20C.%3A%20American%20Institute%20for%20Contemporary%20German%20Studies%2C%20The%20Johns%20Hopkins%20University.%20pp.%2025%E2%80%9330