метрологія

In the modern world of scientific and technological progress, the requirements for the accuracy and reliability of measurements are becoming increasingly stringent. The rapid development of machine learning (ML) methods opens up perspectives for improving metrological processes and enhancing the quality of measurements. This article explores the potential application of ML methods in metrology, outlining the main types of ML models in automatic instrument calibration, analysis, and prediction of data.

Robotization is one of the crucial directions of modernizing today's industrial production. Robotic systems offer solutions to many different challenges. However, their implementation is constrained by limited accuracy, which is inferior to conventional machine tools. A way to improve industrial robots' accuracy is to calibrate them, i.e., eliminate factors that affect accuracy by refining the mathematical models for software correction of manufacturing and assembly errors, as well as elastic and thermal deformations.

Розглянуто варіант побудови комп’ютерного вимірювального засобу для конт- ролю об’єктів, що характеризуються багатьма параметрами.

The variant of construction of computer measuring mean has been is considered. The very means controls the objects that are characterized by lots of parameters.

The article focuses on the main problems of metrological confirmation of measuring instruments in accordance with international requirements and considers possible directions of their solution. One of the main tasks of metrology is assurance of the uniformity of measurements, that is, the state of measurements, in which their results are expressed in the legal units, and the characteristics of errors or uncertainty of measurements are known with a certain probability and do not exceed  the established limits.

The article focuses on the main problems of methodology of the measurement quality evaluation in the context of introduction into metrological practice of the International Dictionary of Metrology VIM 3. The generalized definition of the notion of measurement quality is given. A separate analysis of measurement quality indexes as a process and quality indexes of measurement result as a product of this process is carried out.

The basic principles of systematization of measurement scales types are describes and analyses in this article. Properties types of the empirical objects and corresponding measurement scales are considered. According to VIM3 (“International vocabulary of metrology: Basic and general concepts and associated terms”), measurement scale (quantity-value scale) is an ordered set of quantity values of quantities of a given kind of quantity used in ranking, according to magnitude, quantities of that kind, for example, Celsius temperature scale, time scale, Rockwell C hardness scale etc.

In the article, the main issues of interrelation between qualimetry and metrology reviewed and analyzed. Qualimetry is a branch of science where research subject is product quality quantitative assessment and as an each new science it has some theoretical and methodological problems. Solving these problems, according to the authors, is possible only in a complex combination of quality control methodology and metrology. Metrology, the science of measurement and its application, has the strong scientific, practical and legal tools, which allows research in any field of knowledge.

In the framework of the Fourth Industrial Revolution Industry – “Industry 4.0”, metrology becomes an integral part of the production process, the characteristic feature of which is the development and merger of automated production, data exchange and manufacturing technology into a single self-regulated a system with the least or no human intervention in the production process.

The analysis methods of quality control on production 3D- printer for selective laser sintering technology of special products via the sizes of which we can estimate the geometric parameters and via an additional control system we can high up their quality in real time. Increasing demands for precision measurement raises new problems of optimization of mathematical models of measuring  transformations, and adequate processing of experimental data.