The life path and the range of scientific interests of Professor Oleksandr Moroz are described. The main results of scientific research in the field of the influence of vertical refraction on the accuracy of astronomical and geodetic measurements are shown.
We give the basic equations for determining the individual angles of vertical refractions by the methods of refractive relationships.
Improving the results of trigonometric leveling and taking into account the influence of refraction in the measurement of zenith distances became possible due to the appearance of modern accurate and high-accuracy theodolites, which allow to minimize the influence of instrumental errors.