environmental safety

This article investigates the profound environmental contamination caused by explosive ordnance resulting from the russian armed aggression against Ukraine. Drawing on historical precedents, such as the "Zone Rouge" in France following the First World War, the study demonstrates that toxic remnants from munitions can persist for over a century, rendering agricultural lands unusable and posing severe public health risks. The environmental impacts are categorized into physical and chemical dimensions.

The article develops and tests a physical and mathematical model for optimizing the operation of a multistage condensation and recovery system (CRS) with the aim of improving energy efficiency and environmental safety. The key task of the modeling was to comprehensively describe the thermophysical processes, taking into account phase transitions, in particular the use of latent heat of evaporation.

This paper presents the results of modeling heat fluxes from the outer surface of the KRO-200 container. The study was conducted for a temperature range of 40–150 °C. A comparison of the results was performed for coating materials characterized by different values of emissivity (ε = 0.4–0.95). The total heat release and its components – thermal radiation and convective heat transfer – were calculated. The aim of the study is to evaluate the temperature distribution on the outer surface of the KRO-200 container, which may affect its reliability, leak-tightness and durability.

The article examines the environmental impact of military operations on Ukraine's natural landscapes from the perspective of environmental safety.

The article presents the results of a comprehensive environmental study of the impact of municipal waste landfills on soil and vegetation in the Ternopil and Khmelnytskyi regions of Ukraine. The objects of the study involved four landfills located near the villages of Malashivtsi, Dunayivtsi, Kremenets, and Khmelnytskyi. X-ray fluorescence analysis of soil and plant samples was conducted to assess the level of contamination. Concentration coefficients, integral pollution indices (Zc), and bioaccumulation coefficients of heavy metals in the soil-plant system were calculated.

This article discusses the issue of sludge water treatment generated in the production of ceramic sanitary ware. Experimental studies were conducted on the effectiveness of physical and chemical treatment methods, in particular the use of coagulants (aluminium sulphate) and flocculants of various types (anionic, non-ionic, cationic). The optimal parameters for water treatment have been determined, which allow for the maximum removal of suspended particles and minimise the formation of sediment.

We have assessed the environmental risks caused by the lack of hazardous waste treatment facilities in the industrial region. We have identified such environmental threats as the release of hazardous waste into the environment, uncontrolled flows of hazardous waste that may end up in municipal landfills as household or other hazardous waste. A critical analysis of the existing modern infrastructure in Ukraine, on the basis of which hazardous waste management is carried out, was conducted. The problem of generation and disposal of hazardous waste in the Poltava region was analyzed.

The article is devoted to the study of the causes and consequences of the anthropogenic impact of the construction industry on the environment, with a special emphasis on the use of radon-containing materials in the production of construction products. The key factors that cause environmental pressure, such as raw material extraction, technological processes, insufficient waste disposal technologies, and weak regulatory control, are analyzed.

The article presents the results of a study aimed at developing a mobile cyber-physical system for monitoring and analyzing radiation background, addressing current challenges in environmental safety. The relevance of the topic stems from the need for rapid response to radiation incidents, insufficient coverage of existing stationary monitoring systems, and the necessity to involve the public in environmental control processes.

This study employs state-of-the-art analytical tools to investigate the ecotoxicological impacts of mercury contamination on aquatic macrophytes in post-military zones, focusing on Typha latifolia and Lemna minor as model organisms. The research methodology integrates multiple analytical techniques: spectrophotometric chlorophyll quantification using the Holm-Wettstein method, atomic absorption spectrometry utilizing a C-115PK Selmi spectrometer (precision ±0.001 mg/L), and fluorescence analysis via Flyuorat-02-Panorama spectrofluorometer.