The article analyzes the current state and key threats to environmental safety arising from pollution of water resources by oil and petroleum products. Emulsions and suspensions are complex dispersed systems that are widely used in industry. Their formation in the natural and industrial environment often leads to environmental problems, in particular, pollution of water bodies by oil-containing emulsions and solid particles. Effective separation of such systems remains a pressing issue. Numerical modeling of a hydrocyclone using the finite element method and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was carried out to assess the efficiency of separation of sand and petroleum particles depending on the density of the liquid, particle size and water-oil ratio. A three-dimensional model of the hydrocyclone was built, boundary conditions were determined and modeling was carried out to determine the optimal operating parameters. The results showed that the separation efficiency significantly depends on the volumetric flow rate of the liquid, phase composition and particle size distribution. Increasing the flow rate and optimizing the water-oil ratio increases particle removal, while small particles are more prone to turbulent diffusion, making their separation more difficult. Boundary conditions for modeling were established and a simulation analysis was performed to determine the optimal operating parameters of the hydrocyclone and improve its application efficiency. The study confirmed that CFD modeling, combined with optimization of the hydrocyclone geometry, including cone angle, tube diameters, and body length, significantly improves the vortex core stability and overall separation efficiency.
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