infectious diseases

This article studies a mathematical model of the fractional order of tuberculosis (TB).  It describes the dynamics of the spread of tuberculosis among smokers.  The purpose of this research is to protect vulnerable people against the virus.  According to the survey results, the required model has an equilibrium point: the disease-free equilibrium point $E_f$.  We also analyze the local stability of this equilibrium point of the model, using the basic reproduction number $\mathcal{R}_{0}$ calculated according to the new generation method.  In our model, we include three

A mathematical model of infectious disease contagion that accounts for population stratification based on immunity criteria is proposed.  Our goal is to demonstrate the effectiveness of this idea in preventing different epidemics and to lessen the significant financial and human costs these diseases cause.  We determined the fundamental reproduction rate, and with the help of this rate, we were able to examine the stability of the free equilibrium point and then proposed two control measures.  The Pontryagin's maximum principle is used to describe the optimal controls,