Geological and paleooceanographic models of the Carpathian-Black Sea continental margin of the Tethys

2016;
: pp. 84 – 100
https://doi.org/10.23939/jgd2016.02.084
Received: September 29, 2016
1
Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Ukrainian Academy of Sciences
2
Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Ukrainian Academy of Sciences
3
Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Ukrainian Academy of Sciences
4
Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Ukrainian Academy of Sciences
5
Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Ukrainian Academy of Sciences
6
Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Ukrainian Academy of Sciences
7
Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Ukrainian Academy of Sciences
8
Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Ukrainian Academy of Sciences
9
Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Ukrainian Academy of Sciences
10
Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Ukrainian Academy of Sciences
11
Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Ukrainian Academy of Sciences
12
Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Ukrainian Academy of Sciences
13
Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Ukrainian Academy of Sciences
14
Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Ukrainian Academy of Sciences
15
Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals of National Ukrainian Academy of Sciences

Purpose. To clear up geological-paleooceanographic conditions of sediment-lithogenesis of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic deposits of the Carpathian-Black Sea continental margin of the Tethys. Methodology. Multi-aspect complex approach of diagnostics of paleosedimentation environments includes comparative-lithologic, lithofacial, lithmological, facial-genetic and mineralogy-petrographic analyses. Results. In this work the primary fundamental problem of modern geology. i.e.: formation and evolution of sedimentary complexes of ancient continental margins has been reviewed. A series of geological-paleooceanographic models of sedimentation environments has been made and sedimentary associations for specific ages of the late Mesozoic and Cenozoic Carpathian-Black Sea continental margin of the Tethys have been distinguished. Regional features of space-age spread of terrigenous, carbonaceous, siliceous, volcanic and mixed sediments of the Late Jurassic, Early and Late Cretaceous, Eocene and Oligocene-Early Miocene ages have been characterized. In addition to that sedimentary formations associated with both the first (shelf carbonate bank-reef and terrigenous alluvial delta formations) and the second level of sedimentation (fen’s foot of the continental slopes, the formation of mesopelagic plains) have been localized. Originality. Geological-paleooceanographic models allowed to recreate a complete picture of the evolution of sedimentation processes influenced paleooceanographic complex factors such as eustatic changes in sea level, global anoxic events, etc. The proposed concept of the evolution of the Carpathian-Black Sea continental margin of the Tethys in terms of processes of avalanche sedimentation on various structural levels, namely on the shelf and at the foot of the continental slope, allowed in a new way to explain the formation of these sedimentary strata, where the sea level fluctuations controlled distribution of sedimentary material between epipelagic and mesopelagic parts of basins. Practical significance. Sedimentary formations associated with both the first (shelf carbonate bank-reef and terrigenous alluvial delta formations) and the second level of avalanche sedimentation (fen’s foot of the continental slopes) have been established. These sediment accumulation bodies represent important objects prospective for oil and gas in the ancient and modern sedimentary basins of the oceans. Identification of these formations within the ancient Carpathian-Black Sea continental margin of the Tethys provides new data on the oil and gas bearing potential of the region

1. Afanaseva I. M. LitogenesigeohimijaflishevojformatsiisevernogosklonaSovetskihKarpat [Lithogenesis and geochemistry of flysch formation of the northern slope of the Soviet Carpathians]. Kyiv, Izd. Nauk.dumka, 1983, 183 p. (in Russian).
2. Senkovskyi Yu. M., Koltun Yu. V., Hryhorchuk K. H., Hnidets V. P., Popp I. T., Radkovets N. Ya. Bezkysnevi podii okeanuTetis [Anoxic events of the Tethys ocean]. Kyiv, Izd. Nauk. Dumka, 2012, 184 p. (in Ukrainian).
3. Vakhrameev V. A. Jurskije I mjelovyje flory i klimaty Zjemli [Jurassic and Cretaceous flora and climates of the Earth]. Moscow, Izd. Nedra, 1988, 214 p. (in Russian).
4. Gevorkyan V. H. Geologija nizhnjemjelovyh otlozhenij jugo-zapadnoj okrainyVostochno-Jevropejskoj platformy [Geology of Low Cretaceous deposits of South-Western part of Eastern European platform]. Kyiv, Izd. Nauk.dumka, 1976, 158 p. (in Russian).
5. Edited by Anton Atanasov Geologija i njeftjegasonosna pjerspjektivnost na Misijskata platforma v tsentralnaseverna Blgarija [Geology and oil-gas bearing prospects on Moesia platform in the central Bulgaria]. Sofia, Tekhnika,1983, 287 p. (in Bulgarian).
6. Senkovskyi Yu. M., Hryhorchuk K. H., Hnidets V. P., Koltun Yu. V. Geologichna paleookeanografija okeanuTetis[Geology paleookeanography of the Tethys ocean]. Kyiv, Izd. Nauk.Dumka, 2004, 172 p. (in Ukrainian).
7. Edited by Petr Bokov, Hristo Chemberski Geolozhki pjerspjektavki za njeftjegasonosta na severoistochna Blgarija [Geology oil-gas bearing prospects in north-eastern Bulgaria]., Sofia, Tekhnika,1987, 331 p.
8. Danysh V. V. Litilogo-fatsialnyje tipy karpatskoho flisha i ikh sedimentologicheskije osobjennosti [Lithofacial types of the Carpathians flysch and their sediment features]. Kyiv, Izd. Nauk.dumka, 1984, pp. 33–38 (in Russian).
9. Dosin G. D. Njekotoryje osobjennosti uslovi jsjedimejntatsii oligotsenovoj epokhi v pridjelakh vnjeshnje karpatskoj geosinklinali [Some features of sedimentary conditions of Oligocene within inner Carpathian geosyncline]. Materialso Х Congr. Carp.- Balkan.Geol.Assos.: Sedimentology. Section 2, Bratislava, 1974, pp. 59–63
10. Popov S. V., Akhmetev M. A., ZaporozhetsN. I. et al. Istorija vostochnovo Paratetisa v posdnjem eotsenje – rannjem miotsenje[History of eastern Paratethys in Late Eocene- Early Miocene]. Strasigrafiya, geologicheskaya korelyatsiya, 1993, vol. 1, no. 6, pp. pp. 10–39 (in Russian).
11. Vyalov O. S., Gavura S. P., Danysh V. V. et al. Istorija geologicheskogo rasvitija Ukrainskih Karpat[History of geology development of the Ukrainian Carpathians].Kyiv, Izd. Nauk.dumka, 1981, 180 p. (inRussian).
12. Zonenshtain L. P., Derkur Zh., Kazmin V. G. et al. Istorija okeana Tetis [History of the Tethys ocean]. Moscow, Izd. Nedra, 1987, pp. 104–115 (in Russian).
13. Nevesskaya L. A., Voronina A. A., GoncharovaI.A. et al. Istorija Paratetisa [History of the Paratethys Ocean]. 27 Intern. Geol. Cong. Moscow, Izd. Nedra, 1984, pp. 91–101 (in Russian).
14. Kazmin V. G., Tikhonova N. F. Pozdnemezozojskije-eotsenovyje okrainnyje morja v Chernomorsko-Kaspijskom regionje: paleologicheskije rekonstruktsiji [Late Mesozoic –Eocene Fringing seas in the Black Sea – Caspian region: Paleotectonic Reconstructions]. Geotectonika, 2006, no. 3, pp. 9–22 (in Russian).
15. Krasilov V. A. Melovoj period. Evolutsija zemnoj kory i litosfery[Cretaceous. Evolution of Earth crust and lithosphere]. Moscow, Izd. Nauka, 1985, 240 p. (in Russian).
16. Lisitsin A. P. Protsessy terigennoj sedimentatsii v morjah i okeanah [Process of terrigenous sedimentation in seas and oceans]. Moscow, Izd. Nauka, 1991, 271 p. (in Russian).
17. Burgel N. K., Bobrynskiy B. M., Avdeevskiy Yu. F. et al. Litologija mezozoiskikh otlozhenij Dnestrovsko-Prutskogo mjezhdurjechja [Lithology of Mesozoic deposits of the area between the Dniester and the Prut]. Kishinev, 1969, 258 p. (in Russian).
18. Nikishin A. M., Bolotov S. N., Baraboshkin Ye. Yu. et al. Mezokajnozojskaja istorija i geodinamika Krymsko-Kavkazskogo-Chornomorskogo regiona[Mesozoic-Cenozoic history and geodynamics of Crimea- Caucaus-Black Sea region]. Vest. MGU, Ser. Geologiya, 1997, no. 3, pp. 6–16 (in Russian).
19. Naidin D. P., Pokhpalainen V. P., Kats Yu. I., Krasilov V. A. Melovoj period. Paleogeografija I paleookeanologija [Cretaceous. Paleography and Paleooceanology]. Moscow: Nauka, 1986, 262 p. (in Russian).
20. Edited by Anton Atanasov Njeftje-gazonosnostnanaPredbalkana[Oil-gas bearing on Pre-Balkan]. Sofia, Tekhnika, 1980, 207 p. (in Bulgarian).
21. Okulovskiy S. N. Majkopskijeotlozhenijasevero-zapadnogoshelfaChjernogoMorja[Maicopian deposits of North-Westrn shelf of the Black Sea]. Geologiyaneftiigasa. 1987, no. 10, pp. 36-40 (in Russian).
22. Edited by Garetskiy R. G. Osadkonakopljenije I paleogeografija zapada Vostochno-Jevropejskoj platformy v mezozoje [Sedimentation and paleogeography of western part of East-European platform in Mesozoic]. Minsk,Nauka I Tekhnika, 1985, 216 p. (in Russian).
23. Edited by Kazmin V. G.,Natapov A. M. Paleogeograficheskij atlas Severnoj Jevrasii. Paleogen [Paleographic Atlas of Northern Eurasia. Paleogene]. Moscow, 1998. (in Russian).
24. Pylypchuk A. S., Vul M. Ya. Paleotsen-eotsenovyj flish severnogo sklona Ukrainskikh Karpat – otlozhenija drevnikh morskikh glubokovodnykh konusov vynosa [Paleocene-Eocene flysch of northern slope of the Ukrainian Carpathians – deposits of ancient sea deep of cones of dejection]. Geologiya neftegasonosnykh plastovykh reservuarov. Мoscow: Nauka, 1981, pp. 33–42 (in Russian).
25. Plakhotnyi L. G., Grigorieva V. A., Gaiduk I. S. et al. Ossobennosti rasprostranjenija pjeschano-alevritovykh pachek v majkopskikh otlozhenijakh na juge Ukrainy[Peculiarities of spreading sand-silts bed sets in Maicopian deposits on the South of Ukraine]. Geol. Zhurnal. 1971, T. 31, issue 4, pp. 41–52 (in Russian).
26. Edited by Tsankov V., Spasov Kh. Stratigrafija na Blgarija [Stratigraphy of Bulgaria]. Sofia: Nauka I izkuctvo. 1968, 390 p. (in Bulgarian).
27. Gozhyk P. F., Maslun N. V., Plotnikova L. F. et al. Stratygrafija mezokajnozojskykh vidkladiv pivnichno-zakhidnogo shelfu Chornogo morja[Stratigraphy of Mesozoic-Cenozoic deposits of north-western shelf of the Black Sea]. Kyiv.: IGNNANU, 2006, 171 p. (in Ukrainian).
28. TeslenkoYu. V., Yanovskaja G. G. K paleogeografii territorii Ukrainy v jurskom periode[According to paleogeography of the territory of Ukraine in Jurassic]. Geologicheskiy zhurnal, 1999, no. 1, pp. 77–80 (in Russian).
29. Hellem A. Jurskiy period [Jurassic]. L.: Nedra, 1978, 272 p. (in Russian).
30. Yasamanov N. A. Landshaftno-klimaticheskije uslovija jury, mela I paleogena juga SSSR[Landscape-climatic conditions of Jurassic, Cretaceous, Paleogene of southern part of the USSR]. Moscow: Nedra, 1978, 224 p. (in Russian).
31. Edited by Nikishin A. M. 400 millionov let geologicheskoj istoriij uzhnoj chaste Vostochnoj Evropy[400 million years of geology history of southern part of Eastern Europe]. Moscow: Geokart, GEOS, 2005, 338 p. (in Russian).
32. Anastasiu N., Popa M., Varban B. Oligocene turbiditic sequences of the east Carpathians (Romania); facies analysis architecture and cyclic events / St. cerc. geologie, T. 39, pp. 35–43. Bucuresti, 1994.
33. Arthur M.A., Schlanger S.O. Cretaceous " Oceanic anoxic events" as casual factors in development of reef-reservoired Giant oil fields // AAPG Bull. Vol. 63/6, 1979, pp. 870–885.
34. Atlas paletransportu osadów detrytycznych w łuku Karpacko-Bałkańskim. Część I. Tuton i kreda dolna 1 : 2000 000. Redaktor naukowy Andrzej ślączka. Warszawa: Instutut geologiczny, 1976.
35. Buchem F.S. P., Razin P, Homewood P. W., Oterdoom W. H. Stratigraphic organization of carbonate ramps and organic – rich intrashelf basins: Natih Formation (Middle Cretaceous) of Northern Oman. AAPG Bull., vol. 86, no. 1, 2002, pp. 21–53.
36. Demaison G. J., Moore G. T. Anoxic environments and oil source bed genesis. Amer. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull. 1980. Vol. 64, No. 8, pp. 1179–1209.
37. Dragastan O., H. Gielisch, D. K. Richter, T. Grewer, T. Kaziur, B. Cube, C. Radusch. Jurassic algae of the Perachora – Peninsula: Biostratigraphical and paleoecological implications. Beitrage zur palaontologie. No. 19, Wien: 1994, pp. 49–80.
38. Świdrowska J. Hakenberg M., Poluhtovič B., Seghedi A., Višnâkov I. Evolution of the Mesozoic basins on the southwestern edge of the East European Craton (Poland, Ukraine, Moldavia, Romania). 2008. Studia Geologica Polonica, 130: Part 1: 3–130, Part 2: Plates.
39. Golonka J., Krobicki M. Upwelling regime in the Carpathian Tethys: a Jurassic − Cretaceous paleogeographic and paleoclimatic perspective. Geologogical Quarterly, 2001, 45(1), pp. 15–32.
40. Golonka. J., Ross M. I. , Scotese C. R. Paleogeographic and paleoclimatic modelling maps, 2003, 351.
41. Hac B. U., Hardenbol J., Vail P. R. Chronology of fluctuating sea level since the Triassic. Science, 1987, vol. 235, no. 4793, pp. 1156–1167.
42. Jarvis J., Carson G.A., Cooper M. K. et. al. Microfossil assemblages and the Cenomanian-Turonian (Late Cretaceous) oceanic anoxic event. Cretaceous Research, 1988, v. 9, nо 1, pp. 3–103.
43. Kempe S. Аlkalinity: the link between anaerobic basins and shallow water carbonates. Naturwissenshaften. 1990, 77, no. 9, pp. 426–427.
44. Misik M Microfacies of the Mezozoic and Tertiary Limestones of the West Carpathians. Vyd. Slov. Akad. Vied. Bratislava. 1966, 269 p.
45. Neagu Th., Dragastan O. Stratigrafia depozitelor neojurasice si eocretacice din Dobrogea de sud. St. cerc. Geol.,Geofiz., Geogr., Ceologie, T. 29, No. 1, pp. 80–87. Bucuresti, 1984.
46. Oszczypko N., Uchman A., Malata E. Rozwój paleotektoniczny basenów Karpat Zewnętrznych i pienińskiego pasa skałkowego. Kraków, 2006, 199 p.
47. Paleogeographie des Albs auf dem westlichen Territorium des europeischen Teils der UdSSR Zeitschrift angewandte Geologie. Berlin: Zentrales Geologiches Institut, 1978, band 24, heft 11, pp. 451–456.
48. Dercourt J., Gaetani M., Vrielynck B. et al. Peri-Tethys paleogeographical atlas. 2000, P. 24.
49. Porębski S. I. Šrodowisko depozycyjne sukcеsij nadewaporatowej w rejone Kraków Brztsko (Zapadlisko Przedkarpackie). Prace Paňstwowego Inst-ty Gelogicznego, CLXVIII, 1999, pp. 97–118.
50. Schlanger S. O. High frequency sea level fluctuations in Cretaceous time – an emerging geophysical problem. Mezozoic and Cenozoic oceans. Washington (D.C.) Boulder (Colo). 1986, pp. 6–74.
51. Schlanger S. O., Jenkyns H. C. Cretaceous oceanic anoxic events: causes and consequences. Geologie en Mijnbouw. 1976, vol. 55, no 3–4, pp. 179–184.
52. Smith A. G., Briden J. C., Drewry G. E. Phanerozoic wirld maps in organisms and continents through time. Paleont. Assoc. London Spec. Papers in Paleontology. 1973, V. 12.
53. Costea I., Vinogradov C., Comsa Doina. Studiul microfacial al depozitelor cretacice din platforma Moldoveneasca si depresiunea Birladului. St. cerc. Geol., Geofiz., Geogr., Ceologie, T. 26, no. 2, pp. 257–292. Bucuresti, 1981.
54. Nikishin Anatoly M., Aral Okay, Okan Tüysüz, et al. The Black Sea basins structure and history: New model based on new deep penetration regional seismic data. Part 2: Tectonic history and paleogeography. Marine and Petroleum Geology. 2014, pp. 1–15.
55. Torsvik T.H., Müller R.D, Van Der Voo R., Global plate motion frames: Toward an unified model. Steinberger B., and C. Gaina. Reviews of Geophysics, 2008, no. 46, pp. 1–44.
56. Vail P. R., Mitshum R. M., Thompson J. R. S. Seismic stratigraphy and global changes of sea level. Part 4: Global cycles of relative changes of sea level. In: Payton, 1977, pp. 83–97.
57. Vinogradov C., Costea I., Comsa D. Microfaciesuri jurasice superioare din platforma Moesica corelata cu depozite sincrone din zone invecinate. St. cerc. Geol., Geofiz., Geogr., Ceologie, T. 23, No. 1, pp. 65–72. Bucuresti, 1978.
58. Wyksztalcenie wapieni skalistych Bramy Bolechowickiej: przewodnik sesji terenowych [Pierwszy Polski Kongres Geologiczny] (Krakow, 26–28 czerwca 2008. Red. Grzegorz Haczewski. Krakow, Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne, 2008, 120 р.