динаміка

The article focuses on determining particular characteristic patterns of organization and human perception of space, regardless of whether it is anthropogenic, natural, closed or open, or whether it exists literally, or it is depicted on a canvas of theater curtains, or either conveyed through imaginative thinking of an artist. Understanding particular universal patterns of world and space perception ensure the possibility to use them as core principles for various techniques to be implemented by humans in modeling their own space.

Aim. Development of a mathematical model of dynamic processes in speed change devices with multistage gear differential transmissions with closed-loop hydraulic systems on an example of a concrete design. Method. A device with a multistage differential has been considered, in which the gear wheel - the ring gear of the first stage is connected to the sun gear wheel of the second stage, the gear wheel - the ring gear of the second stage is connected to the sun gear wheel of the third stage, and so on, depending on the number of steps.

Synthesis methods of controllers based on the use of frequency characteristics or root hodographs are considered classic or traditional. Frequency methods are available in practical applications, and most control systems are designed based on various modifications to these methods. A distinctive feature of these methods is the so-called robustness, which means that the characteristics of a closed system are insensitive to the minor errors of the model of the real system.

The article deals with the main features and trends of financial management development of wholesale and retail trade enterprises. The comparative dynamics of wholesale trade and retail trade in Ukraine and factors that adversely affect the development of enterprises are analyzed. The main stimulating and restraining factors influencing the development of the wholesale and retail market are investigated.

In the article the structures of Ukrainian business entities are analyzed depending on their size (large, middle, small) and peculiarities of their activities are determined. It is shown that large enterprises ( concerns, corporations) are less flexible and dynamic than small and middle enterprises that instantly react to changes of the market situation. However, small and middle enterprises fall behind large enterprises in terms of absolute indexes, for example,  the cost of assets, sales volume, net income.