електромобіль

Overheating is one of the main reasons that accelerates the rate of battery discharge in electric vehicles and leads to the deterioration of its performance over time. Rapid charging of the battery is not beneficial for its longevity, as high currents increase the temperature and can irreversibly damage the internal structure of the battery. At optimal temperatures, the availability of discharge power, charge reception during regenerative braking and battery health are at the best level.

The article analyzes and compares charging stations for electric vehicles and their components. The analysis of charging modes of electric vehicles showed that four internationally standardized modes are used, three of which use alternating current with single-phase and three-phase switching and only one – direct current. When charging on direct current, the fastest charging is provided. There are four standardized cases of connecting charging stations to electric vehicles.

Tendencies of sustainable development of transport, the use of alternative energy sources, and requirements to the reduction of the carbon footprint on all stages of life cycle on all levels of road transport have led to the increase of the share of the electric car both at the first registration and used vehicles. The appearance of a large amount of used modern electric cars on the market caused the necessity to develop the procedures of provision their technical operation both by requirements of rational use and provision of traffic safety.

Unlike a car, a modern electric vehicle (EV) can have different configurations of the electrical traction subsystem using one, two or four drive-wheel electric motors. This paper investigates a two-motor front-wheel drive configuration, in which the control of the electromagnetic torques of the motors provides two functions: electric traction and direction control. The latter function performs an electronic differential, which is used in place of the traditional mechanical differential transmission and mechanical steering system.

One of the key problems in the implementation of closed-loop control systems is to measure all states of a dynamic system, especially, when there are severe environmental conditions. Consequently, the use of certain types of sensors is impossible for technical or economic reasons. Also, in electromechanical systems, there are a lot of values that cannot be directly measured by physical sensors. Thus, mathematical algorithms named as observers and estimators are in use to calculate the states of the dynamic system utilizing math model and available set of sensors.

The paper suggests the approach to the design of a short-time energy saving reservoir for light-weight electric transport vehicles. It is substantiated that the new product will be energysaving and will ensure gains in traction and braking force. CATIA was chosen as the most proper environment for the design as its libraries are the most suitable for machine-building.