judicial protection

The article examines the legal nature, content, and evidentiary value of the institution of factual state recording by a judicial enforcement officer (protokoł stanu faktycznego) under the legislation of the Republic of Poland. This institution, originating from the French constat d’huissier de justice, reflects European trends in expanding the powers of enforcement officers toward evidence preservation and legal certainty in civil proceedings.

The article is devoted to the study of domestic and foreign trends in environmental justice.

To solve the set goal, the following research methods were used, in particular: the method of scientific observation is to form the topic and purpose of the research; comparative legal method in the study of foreign experience of environmental justice; logical method – for theoretical generalization and formulation of research conclusions.

The article characterizes the peculiarities of the functioning of judicial bodies as subjects of the system of administrative and legal guarantee of the activity of religious organizations in Ukraine. Implementation by judicial bodies of administrative and legal guarantees of the activities of religious organizations is carried out by the system of courts of general jurisdiction, administrative courts, and the Supreme Court of Ukraine, acting on the same basis, regarding the implementation of joint tasks in the sphere of justice.

The legislation governing the participation of a lawyer in the civil process of Ukraine has been analyzed. The activity of lawyers as a legal institute, which stands for the protection of citizens' rights and reflects the state and level of democracy in the country, is elaborated. Considering how stable it is, has a clear organization, is governed by the laws and is protected depends largely on the confidence of each member of society in their well-being and in the success of their business activities.

The article is devoted to the review of the notion of the principle of adversarialism and
the proof of a reasonable relationship between the competition principle, the equality of the
parties and the activity of the court in order to ensure equality of evidence of the parties’
capabilities, which should be in line with the tendencies towards the socialization of the
functions of justice.

This article is devoted to judicial mechanisms in historical types of Ukrainian customary law – pre-state law, “verv” law, “kopa” law, Carpathian law and Cossack law. The formation, composition and competence of pre-state courts, “verv” courts, “kopa” courts, assembly courts, chieftain courts, centesimal courts, regimental courts and other are analyzed. The influence of the Cossack customary law on the establishment of the Hetman state judicial system is highlighted.