корупція

The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the legal status of whistleblowers in the anti-corruption system in Ukraine and its compliance with international standards. The evolution and current state of the regulatory and legal framework for whistleblowers, as enshrined in the Council of Europe’s Criminal and Civil Conventions on Combating Corruption (1999), the UN Convention against Corruption (2003) and EU Directive 2019/1937 on the protection of persons who report breaches of Union law.

Using the example of the application of administrative penalties for corruption acts, the possibilities of their optimization based on modelling as components of the system of administrative penalties are investigated. It is determined that the optimization of the system of administrative penalties requires, first of all, a radical reform of administrative legislation, especially in terms of the application of the types of penalties enshrined in the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses.

The article provides a fundamental theoretical, legal, and praxeological analysis of the institute of forensic examination in the context of investigating corruption criminal offenses committed in the financial sector. The relevance of the topic is due to the high level of latency and intellectualization of crime in the banking and financial sectors, which requires pre-trial investigation bodies to apply specific evidentiary tools.

Corruption undermines citizens' faith in a democratic, independent, law-abiding, and European Ukraine. It negatively affects the country's international image and is the most serious offense in the context of contemporary challenges related to Russian aggression and the protection of national security. The key to successfully overcoming this destructive and harmful phenomenon is an effective combination of measures to prevent and combat corruption, as well as the involvement of the public as an agent in the fight against corruption.

Building an effective anti-corruption system is one of the key priorities of the modern Ukrainian state and a prerequisite for its sustainable democratic development and successful European integration. The establishment of specialized anti-corruption institutions, such as the National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine (NABU), the Specialized Anti-Corruption Prosecutor’s Office (SAPО), and the High Anti-Corruption Court (HACC), was an important step in this direction.

Relevance of the article lies in the fact that one of the key tasks of the state is to ensure the protection of the rights and interests of citizens that may be violated due to corrupt activities. Combating corruption is not only a public demand but also a crucial prerequisite for the stable functioning of state institutions, especially under the legal regime of martial law in Ukraine, which affectsthe operation of government bodies, including their ability to effectively counteract corruption.

The article analyzes the issues of combating corruption during martial law, emphasizing the importance of avoiding discretionary norms in legislation. The author examines the main features of discretionary powers and analyzes the consequences of the use of administrative discretion. The author analyzes the provisions of legal acts regarding the definition of the concept of discretionary powers. The author establishes that discretionary powers have clear limits specified in the legislation.

The article examines the phenomenon of corruption as a negative social issue. It is noted that corruption, as a social phenomenon, has existed for a very long time, affecting every country, and has always been considered an evil that must be eradicated and combated. It is emphasized that when defining the essence of corruption, it is important to understand that it cannot be reduced to a single specific offense. Corruption is primarily a social phenomenon, influenced by social factors and governed by certain social patterns. It has a destructive impact on social development.

Corruption under martial law emerges as a complex, multi-level socio-legal phenomenon that not only distorts the institutional foundations of public administration but also undermines the legitimacy of state authority in the eyes of society. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the theoretical and legal principles for the classification of corruption-related crimes in the context of the current criminal legislation of Ukraine, taking into account the dynamic changes influenced by the legal regime of the state of emergency.

Introduction. Corruption remains a critical socio-economic challenge that affects governance, economic stability, and public trust. This study examines the corruption levels in Ukraine compared to global trends, using key indices and international benchmarks. A comprehensive analysis of corruption indicators provides insights into the effectiveness of anti-corruption policies and strategies. The research aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse on improving transparency and accountability.