національна свідомість

Annexation of western Ukrainian lands by Poland in 1919 and the decision of the Council of Ambassadors of the Entente (March 14, 1923) to transfer Galicia under the jurisdiction of the Second Polish Republic created specific features for the press advertising development.

This article examines events of Ukrainian state-building at the beginning of the XX c., in particular problems which emerged in the process of creating and developing management structures in the epoch of the Central Council and Ukrainian People’s Republic under conditions of aspirations for national liberation and the struggle with foreign enemies and internal challenges. By studying these historical events, we find evidence of certain past analogies with the present which are accordant with the current search for an etatist approach to problem-solving in modern Ukraine.

Problem setting. In different epochs, the state-building processes in Ukraine had characteristic features that should be taken into account today. The achievements of the Central Rada, the Hetmanate, the Directory, and the Soviet government in Ukraine reveal the complex external and internal circumstances of state-building. Political leaders of this period pursued their own principles of governance, often ignoring the lessons of the past.

In the second half of the XIX century Western Ukrainian lands suitable for agricultural development could not provide their inhabitants with adequate well-being. Moreover, famine often prevailed in the region, and poverty raged. Ukrainians, who made up the majority of the rural population of the region, were particularly affected: almost 80% [7, p. 4]. Government statistics at the time tried to prove that all conditions were created for Western Ukrainian peasants to ensure their well-being.