In many cases, visual and optical methods can be used in defectoscopy for different materials and products. With the development of microprocessor components and significant expansion of usage of computer technologies and image processing and analysis techniques in different areas, the use of visual and optical methods in defectoscopy for production and research purposes is rapidly developing.
The mathematical providing of construction of models of determination of co-ordinates of sources of acoustic emission and algorithms of search of defects is offered. Description of layout of sensors charts is given. The calculation formulas of determination of co-ordinates of spatial localization of sources of acoustic emission are offered. Procedure of non-destructive control and technical diagnostics of metal of constructions is described.
The essence of electromagnetic methods of nondestructive ferromagnets testing consists in identifying the lines of ledge of the external magnetization constant magnetic field that is scattered on interior and subsurface defects. Existing electromagnetic methods differ only by ways of local magnetic inhomogeneity detections. For detecting the local magnetic field the new variant of the plated sensor for nondestructive testing of ferromagnetic materials in the form of an inductive element on a toroidal core with magnetoconductive elements was proposed.
Magnetic flaw detection is one of the best methods of testing with ferromagnetic properties. It combines high sensitivity and probability of detection of internal and subsurface defects with low cost and ease of implementation. However, there are cases where traditional methods of non-destructive magnetic control is ineffective. Connections of steel structural elements welding method associated with the change of geometric dimensions and shape of the product, and therefore needed to control their use of other methods.
У статті розглядається можливість застосування методу коерцитиметрії для ідентифікації напружено-деформованих станів корпусу судна, який би ураховував невизначеність відносно миттєвого стану корпуса, вплив випадкових факторів, утому і старіння матеріалу суднових конструкцій. Проведено аналіз залежності коерцитивної сили і діючих напружень при статичному розтяганні плоских зразків конструкційних сталей, які найбільш поширені при будуванні корпусів суден. Наведені результати вимірювання коерцитивної сили матеріалу суднових конструкцій під час експлуатації судна.