Eutectic fixed points are close to becoming a reference for high temperatures calibration, especially as the new International Temperature Scale (ITS) approach to issue after the re-definition of the Kelvin unit.
The article shows that the commonly used method of estimating the Type A uncertainty of measurements based on the standard deviation of estimators of population parameters does not meet the definition of uncertainty. For correct determination of the standard uncertainty, it is necessary to use the distribution of the corresponding population parameter at the values of population estimators determined from the experiment but not the probability distribution of the estimator.
A method has been developed for the adjustment of the results of measurements of length during calibration of a field comparator for verification (calibration) of distance meters and distance metric parts of total stations. The method of processing the results of comparisons of distance meters to the field comparator using the least squares method (LSM) was also developed on its basis. The additive biases of length measurements by each distance meter are evaluated according to the LSM, as well as the biases that are entered to the results of length measurements by each reflector.
In order to improve the accuracy of gas flowrate measurement by means of the differential pressure flowmeters, it is necessary to apply equations for determination of coefficients of gas flow equation, which would provide the lowest total relative expanded uncertainty of calculation, and to increase the accuracy of input values measurement in real time. One of these values is the arithmetic mean deviation of roughness profile of pipe internal surface. The equation for calculating the arithmetic mean deviation of roughness profile of pipe internal surface in real time was obtained.
The essence of uncertainty serves as an attribute of political life. It is indicated that today the issue is related to various manifestations of political uncertainty in conditions of relative stability or instability and the crisis of transitional societies. The very nature of uncertainty is influenced by various aspects: uncertainty due to the fact that it is impossible to predict values of a factor with accuracy; transformation; unpredictable behavior of participants in a conflict of interests in politics.