Cemeteries are an integral part of the cultural landscape of every city or town, evidence of the ideology and spiritual life of their time. Military cemeteries may not be in every settlement, but they very clearly record their time, history, ideology. Today we have just such an important and historical moment and we have a war again in our country. Which means dead heroes. And this in turn means new military cemeteries.
The article considers the historical monks' cemeteries of the Holy Dormition Univ Lavra. The analysis of the preserved tombstones of cemeteries is carried out, their typology and character of plasticity are described. Particular attention is paid to under the slab burials as the most archaic of the preserved tombstones. The damage and loss of the ensemble of the cemetery as a whole and individual monuments are described, the state of preservation of the physical substance of the tombstones is studied.
The article analyzes the Jewish and Muslim military cemeteries found in Galicia, their
history, species, forms, and state of preservation. Preventive measures have been proposed to
preserve historic non-Christian military cemeteries
The historical cemetery near the Church of the Holy Spirit in Rohatyn was investigated. The analysis of damages and losses of the ensemble of the cemetery and its separate monuments is carried out. The material of tombstones has been identified, the state of preservation of their physical substance has been analyzed. Tasks and challenges related to the conservation of the cemetery as a whole and its monuments have been analyzed.
Today the Department of Architecture and Restoration of Lviv Polytechnic National University conducts training of art restorers at educational and qualification levels: bachelor's and master's degrees. The scientific direction of the department - "development of the theory and practice of regeneration and reconstruction of historical urban complexes and restoration of architectural objects and works of art" is aimed at solving scientific problems in two branches - architectural and artistic. As for restoration, the main focus is stone restoration.
Materials obtained during archaeological excavations on the place of castle in the city of Cholm (today Chełm in Poland), in the area of king Daniel’s 13th century residential complex, have been subject to examination. They are in the forms of bricks and glazed tiles, as well as sizeable shapeless and purposeless accumulations indicating post-manufacturing remains. The materials are white, green and multi-colored. They refer to Halychian alabasters and green glaukonitite from Cholm, which were originally used there. The examination of white materials was performed.
The memorial plastics of the two oldest cemeteries of Boryslav is investigated. Tthe damage and losses of ensembles of cemeteries in general and separate monuments were carried out. The identification of the stone material of tombstones is performed, the state of preservation of their physical substance is analyzed.
The application of thermodynamic analysis for studying the equilibrium of chemical reactions between components of architectural monuments made of stone and air components of large cities is considered. In order to evaluate the possibility of a chemical reaction, it is necessary to calculate the change in enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs energy. The heat effect of the reaction (change of the en-thalpea) and the change of entropy have a secondary value for the course of such reactions. The proven values of ΔCр allow us to verify the correctness of the calculations ΔН0Т and ΔS0Т.