The article is devoted to the rethinking and conceptualization of a number of concepts: “essential human rights”, ‘human freedom and liberties’, ‘human existence’ as key categories in the context of rapid civilizational transformations. By distinguishing and studying the interrelationship of these concepts, the article aims at substantiating their role as the backbone elements of legal doctrine. The author analyzes the ontological foundations of existential rights, emphasizing their inalienability which stems from the very nature of human existence. Freedom is realized as a primary existential and legal category necessary for the self-realization of the individual. The author analyzes that existence is a specific, spatially and temporally localized manifestation of being, which refers to the actual presence of objects. The author examines the interdependence and modern distinction between the terms “existential human rights”, “existential human rights” and “existential human rights”, proving that existential rights are the most comprehensive concept that includes both existential and existential aspects necessary for a full life in society. The author emphasizes the critical need for a qualitative expansion of the content of basic human rights in the light of modern technological challenges. It is emphasized that law should be ahead of scientific and technological progress, establishing a framework that will prevent abuse and protect human existence in its deepest sense. The author substantiates that freedoms are the primary conditions for the synthesis of the new, forming a space for spiritual and material culture, and are a unique tool for future legal consciousness. The theoretical methods used in the study include analysis: decomposition of complex concepts into their constituent elements for further study; synthesis: combining the studied elements into a single holistic concept; abstraction; generalization; instruction and deduction; modeling; logical and systematic approach. The results of the study allow deepening theoretical knowledge in the field of human rights and laying a solid methodological foundation for the development of effective legal mechanisms that will guarantee free human existence in the future.
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