Protection of private interests during criminal proceedings: comparative narratives

Volodymyr KANTSIR; Volodymyr BARANYAK; Anatolii KRYZHANOVSKY

The article is devoted to the expediency of using foreign legislative experience on the mechanism of protection of personal and family life of a person during criminal proceedings.

Everyone is entitled to the protection of the right to liberty and security of a person, inviolability of private ownership, housing or other property, secrecy of communications, non-interference with privacy, etc.

During criminal proceedings, the court, investigating judge, prosecutor, head of the pre-trial investigation body, coroner, investigator, and other officials of public authorities are obliged to strictly comply with the provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine, the CPC of Ukraine, and international treaties.

The exception applies to those cases provided by law and necessary in a democratic society to ensure the basis of national security, public safety, prevention of offenses against life and health of a person, protection of state secrets, inviolability of state borders, conscription and mobilization, against the established order of military service, against peace, security of mankind and international law and order.

private

procedural legal interests

guarantees of observance

principles of proceedings

investigative (search) actions

ensuring the basis of national security

legislation of individual foreign states.

1. Pro vnesennia zmin do Kryminalnoho protsesualnoho kodeksu Ukrainy shchodo udoskonalennia poriadku zdiisnennia kryminalnoho provadzhennia v umovakh voiennoho stanu [On Amendments to the Criminal ProcedureCode of Ukraine to Improve the Procedure of Criminal within Martial Law Regime]: Zakon Ukrainy vid 14 kvitnia 2022. № 2201-IX. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2201-20#n2.[in Ukrainian].

2. Kryminalnyi protsesualnyi kodeks Ukrainy [Criminal Procedure Code] : Zakon Ukrayiny vid 13.04.2012 r. № 4651-VI. Zakonodavstvo Ukrayiny. URL. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/card/4651-17/conv. [in Ukrainian].

3. Rishennia Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy u spravi za konstytutsiinym podanniam Zhashkivskoi raionnoi rady Cherkaskoi oblasti shchodo ofitsiinoho tlumachennia polozhen chastyn pershoi, druhoi statti 32, chastyn druhoi, tretoi statti 34 Konstytutsii Ukrainy [Decision of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine in the case of the constitutional petition of Zhashkiv District Council of Cherkasy region on the official interpretation of the provisions of parts one, two of Article 32, parts two and three of Article 34 of the Constitution of Ukraine: Decision of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine of 20.01.2012 № 2-rp / 2012.]: Rishennia Konstytutsiinoho sudu Ukrainy vid 20.01.2012 № 2-rp/2012. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/v002p710-12. [in Ukrainian].

4. Simeinyi kodeks Ukrainy [Family Code of Ukraine]: Zakon Ukrainy vid 10.01.2002. № 2947-III.

URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2947-14. [in Ukrainian].

5. Case of Norris v. Ireland. Application no. 10581/83. Strasbourg, 26 October 1988. URL: https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/eng.

6. Zahalna deklaratsiia prav liudyny [Universal Declaration of Human Rights]: OON; Deklaratsiia, Mizhnarodnyi dokument vid 10.12.1948. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/995_015. [in Ukrainian].

7. Konventsiia pro zakhyst prav liudyny i osnovopolozhnykh svobod [Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms]: Rada Yevropy; Konventsiia, Mizhnarodnyi dokument vid 04.11.1950 (Redaktsiia vid 02.10.2013). URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/995_004. [in Ukrainian].

8. Mizhnarodnyi pakt pro hromadianski i politychni prava[International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights]: OON; Pakt, Mizhnarodnyi dokument vid 16.12.1966. (Ratyfikatsiia vid 19.10.1973). URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/995_043. [in Ukrainian].

9. Videnska deklaratsiia ta Prohrama dii [Vienna Declaration and Program of Action]: Deklaratsiia, OON, Mizhnarodnyi dokument vid 25.06.1993. URL. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/995_504. [in Ukrainian].

10. Palant B. (2018). Bill pro prava (praktyka zastosuvannia) [Bill of Rights (practice)]. Kharkiv: Pravo. 264 s. [inUkrainian].

11. Zeleniukh O. V., Kantsir V. S. (2020). Zakhyst osobystoho i simeinoho zhyttia pid chas kryminalnoho provadzhennia: dosvid zakonodavstva okremykh inozemnykh derzhav [Protection of Personal and Family Life During Criminal Proceedings: the Experience of the Legislation of IndividualForeign States]. Yevropeiski perspektyvy. № 1. S. 57–62. [in Ukrainian].

12. Kryminalnyi kodeks Hruzii [Criminal Code of Georgia]. Pereklad na ukrainsku movu: T. V. Rudenko; pid zah. red. O. V. Korotiuk. K.: OVK, 2021. 254 s. Ugolovno-protsessualnyiy kodeks Gruzii: Zakon Gruzii ot 9 oktyabrya 2009 goda. URL: https://matsne.gov.ge/document/view/90034publication. [in Ukrainian].

13. Bundesverfassung der Schweizerischen Eidgenossenschaft vom 18. April 1999 (Stand am 23. September 2018). URL: https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/19995395/index.html#a8.

14. Hauser R., Schweri E. [2002]. Schweizerisches Strafprozessrecht. Basel.

15. Swiss Criminal Procedure Code of October 5, 2007(status as of February 1, 2020). URL: https://wipolex.wipo.int/text/577474.

16. Kryminalnyi kodeks Respubliky Moldova [ Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova]. Stanich V. S. Pid red. V. L. Menchynskoho. Pereklad na ukrainsku movu: T. V. Rudenko. K.: OVK. 2016. 462 s. Ugolovno-protsessualnyiy kodeks Respubliki Moldova: Zakon ot 14.03.2003. № 122-XV. URL: http:// base.spinform/show_doc.fwx_rgn=3833. [in Ukrainian].