Mixed convection of nanofluid at the lower stagnation point of a horizontal circular cylinder: Brinkman–viscoelastic

Researchers have formulated the Brinkman–viscoelastic model to study the convective heat transfer of viscoelastic fluids traversing porous media recently.  Nevertheless, they did not employ nanofluids.  Currently, scientists and researchers are employing nanofluids and hybrid nanofluids in their studies, products, and technologies due to their ability to enhance the transfer of heat.  Therefore, the aim of this research is to study the heat transfer of a viscoelastic fluid with nanoparticles as it moves over a horizontal circular cylinder in a saturated porous region at the lower stagnation point.  The model, described by a collection of partial differential equations, is simplified into solvable equations by utilizing non-dimensional and non-similarity variables.  The simplified system of equations is then solved using the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg technique and the outcomes are verified through comparative study.  It has been found that the temperature goes up when the Brinkman parameter, the viscoelastic parameter, and the volume fraction of nanoparticles are all raised.  This temperature rise indicates convective heat transfer.