The article examines historical and modern trends in the development of underground space. It identifies external threats to urban populations associated with military operations and climate change that arise in modern conditions.
The study indicates the need to develop the underground space of cities based on current trends. Development of underground access networks can provide protection for urban populations from existing external threats and new challenges arising over the next decades. Commercial activities that do not require daylight, if built underground, provide an opportunity to organize a developed network of civil defense facilities with all the necessary support components that can be constantly maintained in working order. Using underground passageways for foot traffic can also positively influence solutions to pedestrian and transport problems in many parts of the city, and provide for safe transit routes between places of residence and service facilities. Such a solution is particularly relevant in the context of climate change and threats of excessively high outdoor temperatures caused by global warming. Developing commercial facilities underground to save above-ground territory for other uses gives equally significant advantage. Given the excessively high density of modern cities, this can provide an opportunity to free up territory in residential areas in favor of landscaping elements and recreational spaces.
Based on historical and modern examples, a functional model of the structure of underground space is proposed. This model is relevant for organizing the city’s functioning, both in conditions of global warming and military operations. Development of underground space will provide cities an extensive network of protective structures for civil defense equipped with all the necessary facilities for long-term accommodation, which has become especially relevant in modern conditions of war. Such an approach to underground planning will also rationalize the use of above-ground urban space for landscaping and recreation.
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