The article is devoted to the study of the current state and prospects of implementation into national legislation of the normative provisions of the European Union in the field of waste management, in particular the Directive of the European Parliament and the Council «On packaging and packaging waste» (1994, December 20) № 94/62/EU.
Implementation and compliance with European environmental standards is a significant factor in ensuring the implementation of the provisions of the Association Agreement with the EU. Among the environmental problems that pose threats to national security are the processes of generating significant volumes of production and consumption waste, the insufficiently effective level of their reuse, recycling and disposal.
The work presents a new approach to the copolymerization and co-processing of industrial organochlorine waste (OCW) resulted in the production of vinyl chloride at Karpatnaftochim LLC, Kalush, Ukraine, and liquid wood pyrolysis products (LWPP) generated by the activated charcoal production at Perechyn Forestry and Chemical Plant, LLC. Kalush, Ukraine. This article highlights studies of the composition of the raw materials and the properties of the resulting products.
We consider waste management and management as an area of ecological safety. As a result of the study, the ecological aspects of this branch of activity were analyzed on the example of the operation of the operating MSW landfill in the city of Kremenchuk. The prospective direction of the field of waste management in the region, as well as the state of its financing, are taken into account. Such dangerous factors in the operation of the municipal landfill for the environment as: pollution of groundwater and open dumps of the landfill have been identified.
As of today, the principle of zero-waste production is not only a global trend, but also an effective mechanism for protecting and preserving the environment, as well as making fuller use of the resource potential of enterprises. The main idea of zero-waste manufacturing is the transformation of raw materials received by the enterprise, its residues, as well as waste obtained in the production process, into finished products that can generate income.
One of the industries that uses large amounts of water is the food industry. Industrial, domestic managers of the production process stand out with it and enter the environment surrounded by contaminated effluents. Their main feature is the high content of dissolved organic matter and nitrogen. You can also create wall water to create aggregate-resistant colloids, which include animal and vegetable fats, proteins, starch, sugar, as well as salts, carbohydrates, dyes, thickeners, preservatives.
At the present stage of development, the entire world industry has faced the problem of rational use of renewable natural resources, in particular the most efficient ways of wastewater treatment and the use of accumulated waste in the production process as a secondary raw material.
In the field of waste management, Ukraine is far behind the EU countries, which is, in particular, a consequence of the existing linear model of the economy, and creates significant risks for the environment and the population.
The analysis of the generation, recycling and landfilling of waste in Ukraine is carried out. Significant generation of various wastes leads to their storage on the ground surface, as it is the most widespread way of waste treatment in Ukraine. Frequently, the stored waste burns (waste heaps, waste coal, landfills), causing significant accumulation of hazardous substances in the environment.
The paper analyzes the sources of the most widespread heavy metals contained in waste. Different directions of human activity are considered with emphasis on the waste containing heavy metals. It is established that the largest suppliers of heavy metals include waste of metallurgy, chemical industry, production of electrical appliances, batteries and accumulators, sewage sludge, ash and slag of coal-fired power stations and waste incineration plants, and the recent one is household waste.