association

The formation of associates in aqueous solutions between single- or double-charged anions of 5,5′-dibromo-o-cresolsulfonphthaleine and single-charged cations of cyanine dyes (quinaldine blue, quinaldine red) has been considered. Based on the spectrophotometric data, the equilibrium constants of the association were analyzed. The energy of cation-anion interactions (standard enthalpy of formation of ions and associates) was determined by the semi-empirical AM1 method and probable structures of associates were set.

This article provide the concept of cold chain, define the purpose of development, key elements and stages of organizing refrigeration circuit. The share of perishable products in total domestic retail trade is revealed. The development of the national cold chain is regarded from the standpoint of implementation of intelligent systems for monitoring of perishable goods in real time.

The basic legal and economic principles for the formation of groups of related companies
as business system in Ukraine have been analyzed. It was found out that the modern group of
related enterprises have complex multilevels organizational structure, as each of the
participants of the economic entity (each company) can have both an extensive network of
structural subdivisions (branches and representative offices), subsidiaries and participate in
joint activities. This group of companies determined that for business diversification and

The formation of associates between one- or two-charged anions of sulfonephthalein dyes – thymolsulfonephthalein, cresolsulfonephthalein – and cyanine cations (pinacyanol, quinaldine red) has been considered in aqueous solution. Equilibrium association constants have been determined using spectrophotometric data. By semiempirical methods the enthalpy of formation and the eventual structure of ions and associates have been established.

The possibility of associates formation between complex ferrumcyanide anions [Fe(CN)6]3–, [Fe(CN)6]4– and cationic polymethine dye pinacyanol in aqueous solution has been investigated. Energetic characteristics and the structures of associates were determined and the influence of ionic surfactants on the associates has been considered.

Results of conductometric investigations of solutions of several 1-1 electrolytes in propylene carbonate in the range of temperatures from 298 to 398 K are presented. Using the expanded Lee-Wheaton equation of electric conductivity, constants of ionic association are defined. It is determined that LiClO4 in propylene carbonate is a non-associated electrolyte. In order to account on the dynamics of ionic solvation, separation into ionic components is made.