Lime-ash plugging mixtures (LAPM) with a density of 1450–1780 kg/m3 have been developed and studied as new and competitive plugging compositions. LAPM consisting of lime and acid fly ash were found to be expanded during setting. The composition of the products formed during LAPM hydration was determined by means of X-ray phase analysis. Kinetic curves of plugging material expansion have been obtained at the temperatures of 348–413 K.
The application of thermodynamic analysis for studying the equilibrium of chemical reactions between components of architectural monuments made of stone and air components of large cities is considered. In order to evaluate the possibility of a chemical reaction, it is necessary to calculate the change in enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs energy. The heat effect of the reaction (change of the en-thalpea) and the change of entropy have a secondary value for the course of such reactions. The proven values of ΔCр allow us to verify the correctness of the calculations ΔН0Т and ΔS0Т.
The results of treatment of solutions with high sulphates concentration and the high rate of water hardness are given. It is shown that significant reduction of secondary pollution by chlorides is achieved through integrated use of aluminium hydroxchloride and sodium aluminate coagulants. It was found that the efficiency of water purification from sulphates and water softening can be increased with the carbon dioxide processing.