Human rights are one of the most important achievements of social development, considered not only as legal constructs but also as a natural phenomenon. They arise from the very essence of human existence and reflect the inherent value of each person regardless of social status, nationality, or beliefs.
The article is devoted to the philosophical and legal justification of the organic laws of society and their significance for the stability of the social organism and the realization of human rights and freedoms. Organic laws are considered fundamental principles that determine the internal integrity of society, ensure harmony between individual autonomy and collective interests, and serve as a criterion for the legitimacy and effectiveness of positive law.
The latest technologies, especially digital ones, raise many new questions and create new problems for humans. Our safe future depends on our ability to anticipate them. Concepts such as ‘artificial intelligence,’ ‘artificial consciousness,’ and ‘cognitive robotics’ have already penetrated deeply into all spheres of public life. In some people, they evoke admiration and hopes for extraordinary results from the intensive acceleration of certain technical processes that traditionally require meticulous routine ‘manual’ work and a lot of time.
Uniformity of judicial practice is an important condition for the modern judicial system of our country in the context of globalization and integration into the European legal space.
It is proved that the unity of judicial practice is not an end in itself; judicial practice should primarily serve to establish justice and protect people and their rights. Courts must make decisions and resolve complex cases; they should not evade decision-making by arguing that there is no regulatory framework, while deviating from previous case law.
The article presents a philosophical and legal analysis of the problem of the implementation of human rights and freedoms in the conditions of the modern legal order. The starting point of the study is the proposition that human rights are not only legal constructs, but primarily moral and anthropological categories that must have a real embodiment in legal practice.
The article is dedicated to the analysis of judicial reform in Croatia and the potential application of its experience to Ukraine in the context of ensuring judicial independence, enhancing the efficiency of justice, and combating corruption. The main stages of the reform of the Croatian judicial system are examined, including the implementation of transparent procedures for the selection of judges, the establishment of an anti-corruption infrastructure, and the adaptation of judicial processes to European standards.
The article highlights the problem of ensuring the effective functioning of the criminal justice system in Ukraine, especially in the context of modern challenges, such as martial law and social transformations. The study of the implementation of criminal proceedings tasks as an effective means of combating criminal-illegitimate abuses by individual participants is relevant.
The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the legal regulation and practice of applying preventive and coercive police measures in Ukraine through the prism of the standards developed by the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR). The purpose of the study is to identify problematic aspects of harmonizing national legislation and law enforcement practice with the requirements of the European Convention on Human Rights (the Convention) and to formulate proposals for their resolution.
In order to find law, its instrumental component, i. e., the rules of law, are not law by themselves (this position is advocated by foreign researchers). What determines law is its functional component, i.e., the procedure of application to different people and different situations. The doctrinal changes in approaches to understanding the essence of legal proceedings and their purpose, the transition to the principle of adversarial proceedings could not affect both the process of judicial cognition and its results.
The article examines the legal status of a defense attorney in criminal proceedings, particularly their role during searches and temporary access to items. Searches and the seizure of evidence represent one of the most intrusive interferences with citizens’ rights; therefore, the participation of a defense attorney ensures compliance with the law and prevents violations of individual rights.