відхилення прямовисних ліній

The purpose of this work is to prove the necessity and possibility of returning to the orthometric system of heights in Ukraine and to substantiate the ways of solving this problem. The method of achieving the goal is provided by theoretical studies of existing methods of astronomical and geodetic leveling, modern methods of forecasting neotectonic processes, GNSS accuracy and geometric leveling.

The purpose of this work is to show the prospects and the need to continue work in Ukraine on the creation of anti-aircraft systems and astronomical geodetic leveling (a combination of astronomical and high-precision geometric leveling), using GNSS and instruments that provide accurate measurements of deviations of the temple 0.1 geodynamic landfills and man-made, which create for the construction of a height foundation for the construction and operation of extremely important facilities.

The purpose of the study is to attempt to determine the deviation of vertical lines using trigonometric levelling and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNNS) measurements. For the last decades with the emergence of high-precision electronic theodolites and tacheometers, trigonometric levelling becomes a competitor of the geometric levelling of the II and III accuracy classes. This is primarily the definition of exceedances at distances up to 1–2 km for topographic surveying and the study of geodynamic processes in zones of the man-made load.