Nowadays co-production is seen as a valuable route to public service reform and to the planning and delivery of effective public services, which is gaining increasing attention. Despite this our understanding of co-production is limited and we still have a lot to learn about how and why coproduction works (and does not). Therefore there is a need to improve knowledge and ability to use co-production successfully. One of the unclear issues are the conditions under which co-production will most likely be effective and how important is trust in this context. This research gap was accepted as a research problem in the article. The main goal was to find answers to two research questions. First, what factors influence the effectiveness of the co-production of public services process? Second, what is the place and role of trust among the factors conditioning the effectiveness of the co-production process? The research was carried out using the systematic literature review and then the word cloud technique as a visualization of word frequency in a given text. As a result of the study, six key conditions for the effectiveness of the service co-production process were identified. One of them is trust, which also affects other factors, however, this is not the most important condition of effectiveness among those indicated in the literature.
1. Alford, J. (2002). Why do public-sector clients coproduce? Toward a Contingency Theory. Administration & Society, 34(1), 32-56. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095399702034001004
2. Alford, J. (2009). Engaging public sector clients: From service-delivery to co-production. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230235816
3. Alford, J. (2015). Co-Production, Interdependence and Publicness: Extending public service-dominant logic. Public Management Review, 18(5), 673-691. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2015.1111659
4. Boyle, D., Harris, M. (2009). The challenge of co-production: how equal partnerships between professionals and the public are crucial to improving public services. Discussion paper, NESTA. Retrieved from www.nesta.org.uk/publications/challenge-co-production
5. Bovaird, T., Loffler, E., Parrado-Diez ,S. (2002). Finding a bowling partner: The role of stakeholders in activating civil society in Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom. Public Management Review, 4(3),411-431. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616670210151621
6. Bovaird, T. (2007). Beyond engagement and participation: User and community coproduction of public services. Public Administration Review, 67(5), 846-860. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2007.00773.x
7. Brandsen, T., Pestoff, V. (2006). Co-production, the third sector and the delivery of public services. An introduction. Public Management Review, 8(4), 493-501. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719030601022874
8. Brown, L., Osborne, S.P. (2013). Risk and Innovation. Towards a Framework for risk governance in public services. Public Management Review, 15(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2012.707681
9. Bukłaha, E. (2012). Sukces, skuteczność i efektywność w zarządzaniu projektami, Studia i prace Kolegium Zarządzania i Finansów, 113, 24-35.
10. Calabro A. (2012). Co-production: An alternative to the partial privatization processes in Italy and Norway. In V. Pestoff, T. Brandsen, B. Verschuere (Eds.), New public governance, the third sector and co-production (pp. 317-360), New York: Routledge.
11. Cali, M., Ellis, K., te Velde, D. W. (2008). The Contribution of Services to Development and the Role of Trade Liberalisation and Regulation. Working Paper 298. Overseas Development Institute.
12. Cepiku, D., Giordano, F. (2014). Co-production in developing countries. Insights fro the community health workers experience. Public Management Review, 16(3), 317-340. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2013.822535
13. Colicchia, C., Strozzi, F. (2012). Supply chain risk management: a new methodology for a systematic literature review. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 17(4), 403-418. https://doi.org/10.1108/13598541211246558
14. Czernek, K. (2012), Rola zaufania we współpracy na rzecz rozwoju turystyki — przykład wybranych gmin miejskich Beskidu Śląskiego. In T. Żabińska (ed.), Turystyka na obszarach miejskich. Uwarunkowania rozwoju, narzędzia promocji, Studia Ekonomiczne. Zeszyty Wydziałowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Katowicach.
15. Denhardt, J.V., Denhard, R. B. (2015). The New Public Service. Serving, Not Steering. New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315709765
16. Drucker, P.F. (2006). The Effective Executive: The Definitive Guide to Getting the Right Things Done. New York: Collins.
17. Fledderus, J., Brandsen, T., Honingh, M. (2014). Restoring turst through the co-production of public services. A theoretical elaboration. Public Management Review, 16(3). https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2013.848920
18. Fledderus J., (2015). Building trust through public service co-production. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 28(7), 550-565. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPSM-06-2015-0118
19. Fledderus J., Honingh M. (2016), Why people co-produce within activation services: the necessity of motivations and trust — an investigation of selection biases in a municipal activation program in the Netherlands. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 82(1), 69-87.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852314566006
20. Frączkiewicz-Wronka, A., Dobrowolska, M., Arando, S., Wronka-Pośpiech, M., Tkacz, M. (2016). Koprodukcja jako warunek efektywnej deinstytucjanalizacji usług społecznych. Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne, 20(1), 67-78.
21. Frączkiewicz-Wronka, A., Kozak, A. (2018). Identyfikacja czynników sprzyjających powstaniu koprodukcji w kreowaniu usług społecznych w środowisku lokalnym — perspektywa Rad Seniorów, Polityka Społeczna, 529(4), 10-17.
22. Gao, X. (2017). Networked Co-Production of 311 Services: Investigating the Use of Twitter in Five U.S. Cities. International Journal of Public Administration, 41(9), 712-724. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2017.1298126
23. Glynos, J., Speed, E. (2012). Varieties of co-production in public services: time banks in a UK health policy context. Critical Policy Studies, 6(4), 402-433. https://doi.org/10.1080/19460171.2012.730760
24. Griffin, R.W. (2013). Podstawy zarządzania organizacjami. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
25. Husner, J. (2008). Zarządzanie publiczne. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar.
26. Holmes, B. (2011), Citizens’ engagement in policymaking and the design of public services, Research Paper No. 1 (2011-2012). Politics and Public Administration Section, Parliament of Australia, Retrieved from: www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_ Library/pubs/rp/rp1112/12rp01 (accessed 12 September 2019).
27. Jakobsen, M. (2013). Can Government Initiatives Increase Citizen Coproduction? Results of a Randomized Field Experiment. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 23(1), 27-54. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mus036
28. Joshi, A., Moore, M. (2004). Institutionalised co-production: Unorthodox public service delivery in challenging environments. Journal of Development Studies, 40(4), 31-49. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220380410001673184
29. Keating, M. (2001). Public Management Reform and Economic and Social Development. OECD Journal on Budgeting, 1/2, 141-212. https://doi.org/10.1787/budget-v1-art12-en
30. Kiser, L. L. (1984). Toward an Institutional Theory of Citizen Coproduction. Urban Affairs Quarterly, 19(4), 485-510. https://doi.org/10.1177/004208168401900406
31. Klimas, P., Czakon, W. (2010). Sieci oraz firmy kotwice — ich znaczenie w gospodarce opartej na wiedzy, In Zarządzanie i informatyka. Dylematy i kierunki rozwoju, Katowice.
32. Kondalkar, V.G. (2010). Organization Effectiveness and Change Management. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.
33. Kotarbiński, T. (1982) Traktat o dobrej robocie. Wrocław-Warszawa- Kraków-Gdańsk-Łódź: Ossolineum.
34. Kozak, A. (2017). Czy koprodukcję usług publicznych można traktować jako innowację społeczną? Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne, 26(3), 73-85.
35. Kożuch, B. (2004). Zarządzanie publiczne. Warszawa: Placet.
36. Kożuch, B. (2011). Skuteczne współdziałanie organizacji publicznych i pozarządowych. Monografie i Studia Instytutu Spraw Publicznych Instytutu Jagiellońskiego, Kraków.
37. Kożuch, B., Sienkiewicz-Małyjurek, K. (2016). Key factors of inter-organisational collaboration in the public sector and their strength. International Journal of Contemporary Management, 15(3), 123-144. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8020123
38. Latusek, D. (2008). Trustworthiness as an Impression. In D. Jemielniak (Ed.), Management Practices in High-Tech Environments (pp. 152-166). Hershey — New York: Information Science Reference. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-564-1.ch009
39. Latusek, D., Cook, K. S. (2012). Trust in Transitions. KYKLOS, 65(4). https://doi.org/10.1111/kykl.12004
40. Latusek-Jurczak, D., Prystupa-Rządca, K. (2014). Collaboration and trust-building in open innovation community. Jorunal of Economics & Management, University of Economics in Katowice, 17.
41. Lewis, C., Fall, F. (2017). Enhancing public sector efficiency and effectiveness in the Czech Republic. OECD Economics Department Working Papers, 1363, Paris: OECD Publishing.
42. Lino, A. F., Aquino, A. C. B. D., Azevedo, R. R. D., & Brumatti, L. M. (2019). From rules to collaborative practice: When regulatory mechanisms drive collective co-production. Public Money & Management, 39(4), 280-289. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540962.2019.1592909
43. Loeffler, E., & Bovaird, T. (2016). User and Community Co-Production of Public Services: What Does the Evidence Tell Us? International Journal of Public Administration, 39(13), 1006-1019. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2016.1250559
44. Mandl, U., Dierx, A., Ilzkovitz, F. (2008). The effectiveness and efficiency of public spending. European Economy. Economic Papers 301, European Commission.
45. Mangai, M.S., De Vries M.S. (2018), Co-production as deep engagement.Improving and sustaining access to clean water in Ghana and Nigeria. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 31(1), 81-96. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPSM-03-2017-0084
46. Marschall, M. (2004). Citizen participation in the neighborhood context: a new look at co-production of local public goods. Political Research Quarterly, 57(2), 231-244. https://doi.org/10.1177/106591290405700205
47. Matei, A. I., Antonovici, C. G., & Savulescu, C. (2016). Fostering Co-Public Marketing and Co-Production of Public Services in Romania. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2939506
48. McQuaid, R. W. (2010). Theory of Organizational Partnerships: Partnership Advantages, Disadvantages and Success Factors, In S. P. Osborne (ed.), The New Public Governance: Emerging Perspectives on the Practice of Public Governance (pp. 130-147). New York: Routledge.
49. Meijer, A. (2012). Co-Production in an Information Age: Individual and Community Engagement Supported by New Media. Voluntas, 239(4), 1156-1172. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-012-9311-z
50. Mihaiu, D.M., Opreana, A., Cristescu, M.P. (2010). Efficiency, Effectiveness and Performance of the Public Sector. Journal for Economic Forecasting, Institute for Economic Forecasting, 0(4), 132-147.
51. Miller, C., Stirling, S. (2004). Co-production in Children’s Services. London: Office of Public Management.
52. Mitlin, D. (2008). With and Beyond the State — Co-Production as a Route to Political Influence, Power, Transformation for Grassroots Organizations. Environment and Urbanization, 20(2), 339-360. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956247808096117
53. Moore, M. (1995). Creating public value: Strategic management in government. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
54. Musso, J. A., Young, M. M., Thom, M. (2018). Volunteerism as co-production in public service management: application to public safety in California. Public Management Review, 21(4), 473-494. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2018.1487574
55. Needham, C. (2008). Realising the Potential of Co-production: Negotiating Improvements in Public Services. Social Policy & Society, 7(2), 221-231. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1474746407004174
56. OECD (2011), Together for Better Public Services. Partnering with Citizens and Civil Society, OECD Public Governance Reviews, OECD Publishing.
57. Osborne S., Brown K. (2005), Managaing Change and Innovation in Public Service Organizations. London: Routlege.
58. Osborne S.P. (ed.) (2010), The New Public Governance? Emerging Perspectives on the Theory and Practice of Public Governance. London/New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203861684
59. Osborne, S. P., McLaughin, K., Chew, C. (2010). Relationship marketing, relational capital and the governance of public services delivery. In S. P. Osborne S. P. (ed.), The New Public Governance: Emerging Perspectives on the Theory and Practice of Public Governance. New York: Routledge.
https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203861684
60. Osborne, S., Strokosch, K. (2013). It takes two to tango? Understanding the co-production of public services by integrating the services management and public administration perspectives, British Journal of Management, 24, 31-47. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8551.12010
61. Osborne P., Radnor Z., Strokosch K. (2016), Co-production and the co-creation of value in public services: A suitable case for treatment? Public Management Review, 18(5), 639-653. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2015.1111927
62. Ostrom V., Ostrom E. (1977) Public Goods and Public Choices. In E. S. Savas (Ed.), Alternatives for Delivering Public Services. Toward Improved Performance (pp. 7-49). Boulder: Westview Press.
63. Ostrom, E. (1990). Governing the commons. The evolution of institutions for collective action. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511807763
64. Ostrom, E. (1996), Crossing the great divide: coproduction, synergy and development, World Development, 24(6), 1073-1087. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-750X(96)00023-X
65. Oxford Dictionary of English (2010), Oxford University Press.
66. Palumbo, R. (2016). Contextualizing co-production of health care: a systematic literature review. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 29(1), 72-90. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPSM-07-2015-0125
67. Panda, D. K. (2016). Public private partnerships and value creation: the role of relationship dynamics, International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 24(1), 162-183. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-12-2014-0830
68. Paskaleva, K., & Cooper, I. (2018). Open innovation and the evaluation of internet-enabled public services in smart cities. Technovation, 78, 4-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2018.07.003
69. Pestoff, V., Osborne, S. P., Brandsen, T. (2006). Patterns of co-production in public services. Some concluding thoughts. Public Management Review, 8(4), 591-595. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719030601022999
70. Pestoff, V. (2011), Co-production, new public governance and third sector social services in Europe, Ciências Sociais Unisinos, 47(1), 15-24. https://doi.org/10.4013/csu.2011.47.1.02
71. Pestoff, V. (2012), Co-production and Third Sector Social Services in Europe: Some Concepts and Evidence. Voluntas, 23, 1102-1118. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-012-9308-7
72. Pestoff, V., Brandsen, T., Verschuere, B. (2012), New public governance, the third sector and co-production. New York/London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203152294
73. Pollitt, Ch., Bouckaert, G. (2004), Public Management Reform. A Comparative Analysis, Second Edition. New York: Oxford University Press Inc.
74. Poochaoren, O., Ting, B. (2015), Collaboration, Coproduction, Networks — Convergence of Theories, Public Management Review, 17(4), 587-614. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2013.866479
75. Przywojska, J. (2014). Nowe zarządzanie i governance w pracy socjalnej, Warszawa: Nowa Praca Socjalna, Centrum Rozwoju Zasobów Ludzkich.
76. Radnor, Z., Osborne, S. P., Kinder, T., Mutton, J. (2014). Operationalizing co-production in public service delivery. The contribution of service blueprinting. Public Management Review, 16(3). https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2013.848923
77. Sicilia M. Guarini E., Sancino A., Andreani M. (2016), Ruffini R., Public services management and co-production in multi-level governance settings, "International Review of Administrative Science, Vol. 82(1), p. 8-27.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852314566008
78. Sicilia, M., Guarini, E., Sancino, A., Andreani, M., & Ruffini, R. (2015). Public services management and co-production in multi-level governance settings. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 82(1), 8-27. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852314566008
79. Sienkiewicz-Małyjurek K., (2016). Innowacyjność koprodukcji w zarządzaniu publicznym na poziomie lokalnym. Organizacja i Zarządzanie. Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Śląskiej, 89, 421-435.
80. Sorensen, E., Trofing, J. (2011). Enhancing Collaborative Innovation in the Public Sector, Administration & Society, 43(8), 842-868. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095399711418768
81. Steele, J., Iliinsky, N. (2010). Beautiful Visualization. Looking at Data through the Eyes of Experts (Chapter 3: Wordle). O’Reilly Media.
82. Stewart, J. (2009). The dilemmas of engagement: the role of consultation in governance. Canberra: ANU E-Press. Retrieved from http://press-files.anu.edu.au/downloads/press/p102721/pdf/book.pdf? referer=176
83. Sztompka, P. (2007), Zaufanie. Fundament społeczeństwa. Kraków: Znak.
84. Roberts, A., et al. Treat Me Right, Treat Me Equal: Using National Policy and Legislation to Create Positive Changes in Local Health Services for People with Intellectual Disabilities. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 26(1), 14-25. https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.12009
85. Tranfield, D., Denyer, D., and Smart, P. (2003), Towards a methodology for developing evidence-informed management knowledge by means of systematic review. British Journal of Management, 14, 3, p. 207. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8551.00375
86. Tuurnas, S. (2015). Learning to co-produce? The perspective of public service professionals. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 28(7), 583-598. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPSM-04-2015-0073
87. Wiewiora, A., Keast, R., & Brown, K. (2015). Opportunities and Challenges in Engaging Citizens in the Co-Production of Infrastructure-Based Public Services in Australia. Public Management Review, 18(4), 483-507. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2014.999820
88. Wilkin, J. (2013). Kategoria jakości rządzenia w naukach społecznych — zagadnienia metodologiczne. In J. Wilkin (ed.) Jakość rządzenia w Polsce. Jak ją badać, monitorować i poprawiać? Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar.
89. Wolfl A. (2005), The service economy in OECD country. In OECD, Enhancing the Performance of the Services Sector (pp. 27-61). OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264010307-4-en
90. Van de Walle S.G.J, Scott Z. (2009), The role of public services in state- and nation building: Exploring lessons from European history for fragile states. Governance and Social Development Resource Centre, University of Birmingham.
91. Verschuere, B., Brandsen, T., & Pestoff, V. (2012). Co-production: The State of the Art in Research and the Future Agenda. VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 23(4), 1083-1101. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-012-9307-8
92. Yang, K. (2006). Trust and citizen involvement decisions. Trust in citizens, trust in institutions, and propensity to trust. Administration & Society, 38(5). https://doi.org/10.1177/0095399706292095
93. Zakrzewska-Bielawska, A. (2016). Ambidexterity — światowe trendy eksploracji w naukach o zarządzaniu. Przegląd Organizacji, 1, 16-23.
94. Zieleniewski, J. (1969). Organizacja i zarządzanie. Warszawa: PWN.