he analysis of the actual air condition in the city of Kyiv in the areas of big overpasses and crossroads shows that the average annual concentration of formaldehyde more than 3 times exceeds the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) of this toxic substance. One of the most powerful sources of formaldehyde formation in the air of the city is motor vehicles. The role of weather factors in formaldehyde formation rate (K) depending on capacity of emissions of internal combustion engines has been analyzed in this article. The equation for determining rate constant has been obtained, which depends on the temperature in the city of Kyiv and on the value of effective energy activation of the mentioned process. The comparison of the calculated and measured values of the rate reaction constant in Observation Point (OP) No. 9 in the area of Leningradska square has been given. The conducted research gives the opportunity to assess and obtain forecasting data on atmospheric pollution and probability of smog situations emergence in Kyiv. The suggested methodology can be used for other cities in Ukraine where motor vehicles are the main indicator of photochemical smog emergence.
[1] Shtiller V. Arhenius equation and uneven kinetics.Moscow: Mir, 2000. – 176 p.
[2] [Theory of process of inorganic substance production /I. M. Astrelin, A. K. Zapolskiy, V. I. Suprunuk [and other]; by ed. A. K. Zapolskyi. – Kyiv,1992. – 399 p.
[3] Vakal S. V., Scientific and theoretical basis on creation of new ecologically safe technological processes of phosphorus fertilizers production [Text]: abstract by Doctor of Engineering, 21.06.01 – ecological safety / S. V. Vakal. – Sumy: SumSU, 2018. – 38 p.
[4] A. V. Chuhai. Atmospheric air pollution with specific pollutants in cities of the coastal zone of the northwestern Black sea coast / A. V. Chuhai, H. S. P atraman // Man and Environment. Problems of neo ecology. – 2017. – No. 1–2(27). – P. 113–122.
[5] Aloyan A. E. Modeling of dynamics and kinetics of gas impurities and aerosols in the atmosphere. / Institute of Numerical Mathematics RAS. – M. : Nauka, 2008. – 415 p. (in translation.)
[6] John H. Seinfeld, Spiros N. Pandis / Atmospheric chemistry and physics / A Wiley-Interscience Publication, Printed in the USA, QC879.6. S45 1997. – 1356 p.
[7] Kenichi I., Toshiaki Y., Toshio T. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in exhaust gases emitted from an ethanolfueled S. I. engine // Bull. ISNE. – 1984. – Vol. 27, No. 227. – P. 945–951.
[8] Rate constant for gas phase reactions of nitrate with a series of organics in the air at 298 _+ 1K / R. Atkinson, C. N. Plum, W. P. L. Carter, et al. // J. Phys. Chem. – 1984. – Yd88. – P. 1210–1215
[9] Pryschepov O. F., Levytska O. S. Peculiarities of the dispersion of harmful substances of airborne vehicle emissions in the city / Scientific works of the Petro Mohyla Black Sea State University. Sir Technogenic safety. – 2009. – 111, issue 98. – P. 139–146.
[10] Misliuk O. O., Shaikin O. Y. Assessment of ecological safety of motor transport operation in the conditions of an industrial city / Bulletin of ZHDTU No. 3 (46), 2008. –P. 1–6.
[11] Skubnevskaya G. I., Dultseva G. G. Pollution of the atmosphere with formaldehyde: Analytical review / RAS. Sib otd. GPNTB, IKHK&G. – Novosibirsk, 1994. – 70 s.
[12] The level of atmospheric air pollution in Kyiv by formaldehyde / O. G. Shevchenko, M. I. Kulbida, S. I. Snizhko, L. S. Shcherbukha, N.O. Danilov // Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Journal, Odessa State Ecological University, 2014, No. 14, – P. 2–22.
[13] Polishchuk S. Z., Dotsenko L. V., Demidenko A. S. Estimation of the influence of meteorological factors on the state of atmospheric air pollution in the city of Dnipropetrovsk (on the example of formaldehyde) / Construction, materials science, machine building: Starodubsky Readings, 2015. – P. 266–270.
[14] Brigman, H. and Graham L,2003 “Air pollution and meteorology in a small city: the case study of Newcastle, NSW, Australia”, Fifth International Conference on Urban Climate, University of Lods, Poland, September, 2003.
[15] Howard Brigman / Global air pollution, problems for the 1990s., CBS Publishers & Distributors. – 1992. – Р. 261.
[16] Richard C. Flagan,John H. Seinfeld. Fundamentals of air pollution engineering / California Institute of Technology, 1988 by Prentice-Hall, Inc. A Division of Simon & Schuster, Printed in the United States of America, 1988. – P. 542
[17] Aloyan A. E., Numerical modeling of the interaction of gas species and aerosol in the atmospheric dispersive system // Russ.J Num. Analysis Math. Modelling. –2000. – Vol. 15, No. 3–4. – P. 211–224.
[18] Formaldehyde pollution of the urban atmosphere and its dependence on meteorological factors / Т. S. Selegay, N. N. Filonenko, V. A. Shlychkov, A. A. Lezhenin, T. N. Lenkovskaya // Optics of the Atmosphere and the Ocean, No. 25 (5), Novosibirsk. 2013. – P. 422–426.