formaldehyde

The work presents a new approach to the copolymerization and co-processing of industrial organochlorine waste (OCW) resulted in the production of vinyl chloride at Karpatnaftochim LLC, Kalush, Ukraine, and liquid wood pyrolysis products (LWPP) generated by the activated charcoal production at Perechyn Forestry and Chemical Plant, LLC. Kalush, Ukraine. This article highlights studies of the composition of the raw materials and the properties of the resulting products.

The work is devoted to a completely new binder for asphalt-concrete mixtures, in particular, crushed stone-mastic mixtures. In the role of a binder, it is proposed to use raw materials for the production of bitumen − tars modified with a forming agent (catalyst and formalin). The paper proves the advantage of using tar modified with formalin, in comparison with standard oxidized bitumens, on the example of established physical and mechanical properties of bituminous binders and crushed-mastic asphalt concrete SMA-15.

Three samples of bituminous material with different softening temperatures of 321, 332, and 356.4 K were obtained by the method of chemical modification of tar with formaldehyde using sulfuric acid as a catalyst. The determination of the group hydrocarbon composition was carried out for the raw materials of the modification process (tar) and the resulting bitumens. An FTIR study of the obtained groups of hydrocarbons (oil, resins, and asphaltenes) was also carried out.

The effect of factors on the process of chemical modification of tar with formaldehyde using a sulfuric acid as the catalyst has been studied. By using experimental results, the adequate statistical-mathematical (ESM) model has been developed. Based on this model, the optimal values on the process of chemical modification of tar with formaldehyde using a sulfuric acid as the catalyst have been identified, bringing about optimal penetration value and softening point of the modified tars.

The chemical modification of tar with formaldehyde as 37% aqueous solutionhas been studied in the presence of the catalysts. Hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide and acid tar were used as the catalysts. The effect of the catalyst nature and amount, as well as temperature, process time and initial components ratio on the softening point, penetration, brittle point and adhesion to crushed stone has been determined. The structure of the modified tars was confirmed by IR spectroscopy. The structural-group composition was determined.

Melamine formaldehyde oligomers with peroxy groups (MFOP) have been synthesized based on melamine or urea and melamine in the presence of tert-butyl peroxymethanol or tert-butyl hydroperoxide. Zinc oxide was used as a catalyst. The effect of peroxide nature, ratio of the starting components and process time on the characteristics and yield of MFOP has been studied. The structure of the synthesized MFOP was confirmed by IR- and PMR-spectroscopy. The chemistry of the cross-linked structures formation was studied.

The possibility of synthesis in the presence of tert-butyl peroxymethanol (TBPM) or tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) of urea-formaldehyde oligomers with peroxide groups (UFOP) has been considered. Zinc oxide was used as the reaction catalyst. The effect of the initial components ratio, the reaction temperature and the process time on the characteristics and yield of the obtained oligomers was studied. Methods for obtaining UFOP using a mixture of TBPM and TBHP as a component are proposed. The structure of the synthesized UFOP was confirmed by IR- and NMR-spectroscopic studies.

The possibility of petroleum residues (tar and oxidized bitumen) modification with formaldehyde (37 % aqueous solution) has been studied at the temperature of 393±3 K for 3 h in the presence of organic solvent and using hydrochloric acid as a catalyst. Toluene, p-xylene, naphta solvent and n-octane were used as the solvents in the amount of 0–40 wt % relative to the initial material. By means of IR spectroscopy the resin-like compounds affecting the operational properties of petroleum residues have been detected.

New catalysts B–P–V–W–Ox/SiO2 of gas-phase condensation of acetic acid from formaldehyde to acrylic acid on an industrial carrier of stable chemical composition (colloidal silicon oxide, Aerosil A-200) were synthesized. It is shown that the hydrothermal treatment of the carrier allows to increase the activity and selectivity of the catalyst in the reactions of aldol condensation of acetic acid with formaldehyde.