UNSUCCESSFUL TOWNS OF THE BAR SURROUNDINGS: YALTUSHKIV, MEZHYRIV, POROSIATKIV, MARIANIVKA, BAROK AND BERLYNTSI

Historical towns of Ukraine are the subject of numerous interdisciplinary
studies. The focus is mainly on those settlements that have preserved the planning composition
or have significant historical significance. Instead, towns that have lost opportunities for
spatial development remain unnoticed. The purpose of article is to determine the spatial
parameters of downtown and individual development anomalies of unsuccessful cities:
Yaltushkiv, Mezhyriv, Porosyatkiv, Maryanivka, Barok and Berlyntsi. Urban factors with varying intensity stimulate the development of settlements. In each
example, this happens individually. The formation and long-term formation of the town had
hereditary, evolutionary and variable-pulsating properties. Given these characteristics, several
cities located in the vicinity of Bar and recorded on the map of Podolsk Voivodeship in 1670
attract attention. These towns had a short period of development and did not differ in the history
of the region. Instead, they deserve to examine the peculiarities of formation and restoration
historical memory.
On the map of Podolsk Voivodeship in 1670, Yaltushkiv is shown with a castle and
fortified downtown. The settlement was located on the road that connected Bar with Dunaivtsi.
Analysis of the current state of street network and relief allows to delineate boundaries of
historic downtown. It had two gates, the main street on which stood the Church of Holy Trinity
and Church of Holy Spirit. The market square had the shape of an elongated rectangle. The
castle was located in the north-western corner. Preserved regular street network shows that the
downtown was built thoughtfully and according to the developed plan. Most likely it happened
in the middle of the 16-th century, but due to repeated devastation of the 16 - 20 centuries, no
significant buildings and temples have survived.
On the map of Podolia Voivodeship in 1670, Mezhyriv is marked as a densely built-up
town with a castle. Analysis of current state of the street network and relief helps to determine
the boundaries of the ancient fortified city center, the probable location of the gates and the
castle complex. On the map of Podolia voivodeship in 1670, Porosyatkiv is shown as a wellfortified
town, with bastions and ramparts, but without castle. Instead, the fortification, market
and temple have been lost today. The street network allows you to roughly delineate the area of
the historic center. On the map of Podolsk Voivodeship in 1670, Maryanivka is shown as a
quadrangular fortified town with a castle located near the eastern part of the downtown. An
analysis of existing street network and relief shows that the ancient Rynok Square was located
near the church, town had ramparts and dry ditches, two gates and a regular type of layout.
The castle was rectangular in shape, with ramparts and a moat, located near the road to
Kopaygorod. On the map of Podolia Voivodeship in 1670, Berlyntsi is mentioned as a fortified
settlement with a castle located on the southern side of downtown. On the map of Podolsk
Voivodeship in 1670, Barok is shown as a fortified town with a castle located on the north side
of downtown.
The essence without the success of towns is concentrated in the reasons that determined
their decline. The quality of the potential development of settlement was influenced by natural
factors - geographical and topographic location, climate and geology. The analysis of natural
properties in each settlement showed that from the very beginning they had significant
limitations in spatial development. Consideration of economic factors, namely favorable
conditions for the development of handicrafts and trade, the availability of natural resources
indicate that Yaltushkiv, Mezhyriv, Porosyatkiv, Maryanivka, Barok and Berlyntsi were
primarily focused on agriculture. The dominance of this vector of settlement activity has
negatively affected their functional role in the development of region. An overview of urban
planning factor - the development of form and composition of the town show that a clear plan
for the creation of the downtown was in Mezhyriv, Yaltushkiv, Berlyntsi, Barok and
Maryanivka. Porosyatkiv was planned without prior planning. According to the map of the
Podolsk Voivodeship of 1670, the defensive structures of downtown consisted of earthen
ramparts, small bastions and wooden fences. On the map of Ricci Zanoni in 1767 it is recorded
that Mezhyriv has good fortifications; Porosyatkiv with fortifications (probably scalded);
Yaltushkiv, Berlyntsi, Barok and Maryanivka - without fortifications. Thus, the spatial
dissolution of the downtown in these towns began in the middle of the XVIII century. An analysis of the towns Yaltushkiv, Mezhyriv, Porosiatkiv, Maryanivka, Barok and
Berlyntsi revealed that from the beginning of their founding and during the two centuries of
progress, they had hereditary, evolutionary and variable-pulsating anomalies in development.
Instead, this is no reason to neglect their significance for the history of Ukrainian urban
planning. On the contrary, these settlements today need a special monument protection status.