HISTORICAL PLANNING OF VOVCHANSK, KHARKIV REGION: FEATURES OF PRESERVATION AND REGENERATION

The article examines the problem of applying existing historical and urban planning studies and proposed territorial monument protection restrictions for 2010. for post-war measures to organize the preservation of the town-planning heritage of the city destroyed during the war. Creation of opportunities for conservation and prospective regeneration of the historical area of Volchansk.

 The purpose of the article is to analyze the relevance of the proposed territorial monument protection restrictions of the city of Volchansk for the formation of a strategy of urban monuments in the destroyed historical city to create opportunities for the preservation of historical planning, prospective conservation and restoration of monuments, regeneration of historical buildings.

 The article analyzed research materials for the compilation of the historical and architectural reference plan of the city of Volchansk in 1995, 2013. It was determined that the scientific and project work of 2013 proposed to determine the historical area of the city within the city quarters, which were formed on the basis of approved in 1786 by the plan of Kharkiv provincial land surveyor Gustav von Buxhevden and preserving the integrity of the building until May 2004.

 In the course of the fighting for Volchansk, which continues since May 2024, the construction of the city on the northern shore of the city of Volcha, in particular, the northern part of the historical area, is almost completely destroyed. It is in this part of the area that monuments of architecture and urban planning, which have suffered significant destruction, are concentrated. As a result, the spatial compositional structure of the city (the system of town-planning dominants and accents, compositional axes, nodes, visual openings) was destroyed, and the spatial compositional structure of the city, researched by specialists in the course of data collection for the preparation of a historical-architectural reference plan, was destroyed. In fact, what remained was the tracing of the streets and the boundaries of the plots of households, outlined by the ruins of buildings.

After the end of hostilities, it is necessary to update measures for the organization of legal storage of monuments of cultural heritage. The southern part of the area of ​​the historic city with the destroyed buildings should receive the status of a monument of urban planning.

 The proposed object of protection of this town-planning object is the materially existing architectural-spatial frame of the environment within the historical area defined by the project of the historical-architectural plan presented above. It includes: the general planning scheme of the territory, the directions and dimensions of streets, driveways and pedestrian paths, the parceling of plots of land owned by households. And also the character, scale and height of the destroyed valuable and ordinary historical building are the parameters according to which in the future new construction can be carried out by the method of regeneration. The status of the destroyed buildings - monuments of architecture should be preserved, which will later allow for restoration work. At the same time, objects recognized by the historical and architectural plan as disharmonious should not be restored.

 The existing historical planning structure of the central part of the city of Volchansk, Kharkiv region. within the historical area should be preserved by granting the protected status of a monument of urban planning with a specific object of protection. As a result, after the post-war renewal, the city center will receive the appearance of a linear nuclear structure in the regular planning scheme of the city.

 In the perspective of the regeneration of the historical city, first of all, the resources and limitations of the planning organization of its territory must be taken into account.

 The main principles of the regeneration of the center of the city of Volchansk within the area of ​​the historical city should be aimed at: preserving the historical planning framework of the city, preserving and strengthening the landscape and ecological framework of the cities, restoring the destroyed monuments of the city's architecture, forming a new building of the contextual architectural environment of the city of Volchansk.