1. JEECS
  2. All Volumes and Issues
  3. Volume 11, Number 2, 2025
  4. Modeling of Control Processes for Photovoltaic Power Plants

Modeling of Control Processes for Photovoltaic Power Plants

JEECS.
2025;
Volume 11, Number 2
: pp. 99 – 108
Received: October 15, 2025
Revised: November 14, 2025
Accepted: December 16, 2025
Authors:
  1. Oleh Maksymuk
1
Lviv Polytechnic National University

The increase in electricity demand and the need for renewable energy are driving the rapid adoption of distributed generation sources, where photovoltaic (PV) generation holds a leading position. While PV systems convert free sunlight into electrical energy, their sensitivity to weather variations and lack of inertia limit widespread application without auxiliary energy storage systems. The variable nature of output power caused by dynamic solar radiation intensity changes is one of the main challenges for PV. In weak electrical grids, PV output power changes could significantly affect voltage levels, leading to electromagnetic compatibility issues and compromising the stability of generation sources and consumers. This paper focuses on studying short-time intensive solar irradiance changes the impact on a PV-rich medium voltage grid. Using the MATLAB/Simulink environment the rapid solar irradiance changes have been modeled to examine output PV power changes and the resulting voltage changes in the point of common coupling, depending on the control mode applied by the PV inverter.

solar power plant
photovoltaic panel
reactive power
voltage change
electrical grid
  1. R. Yan, S. Roediger and T. K. Saha. (2011). Impact of photovoltaic power fluctuations by moving clouds on network voltage: A case study of an urban network. AUPEC, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, 2011, pp. 1-6.
  2. R. Yan and T. K. Saha. (2012). Investigation of Voltage Stability for Residential Customers Due to High Photovoltaic Penetrations. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 651-662, May 2012. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2011.2180741.
  3. R. Yan and T. K. Saha. (2011). Investigation of voltage variations in unbalanced distribution systems due to high photovoltaic penetrations. 2011 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting. Detroit, MI, USA, pp. 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2011.6038977.
  4. F. C. L. Trindade, T. S. D. Ferreira, M. G. Lopes and W. Freitas. (2017). Mitigation of Fast Voltage Variations During Cloud Transients in Distribution Systems with PV Solar Farms. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 921-932, April 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2016.2562922
     
  5. Three-Level Inverter Control Techniques: Design, Analysis, and Comparisons. (2021). Elektronika Ir Elektrotechnika, 27(3), 26-37. https://doi.org/10.5755/j02.eie.29015
  6. F. M. Aboshady, I. Pisica, A. F. Zobaa, G. A. Taylor, O. Ceylan and A. Ozdemir. (2023). Reactive Power Control of PV Inverters in Active Distribution Grids with High PV Penetration. IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 81477-81496, https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3299351
  7. A. H. Javed, P. H. Nguyen, J. Morren and J. G. H. Slootweg. (2023). Using Smart PV Inverters for Reactive Power Management in Distribution Grids. 2023 IEEE Belgrade PowerTech, Belgrade, Serbia, pp. 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1109/PowerTech55446.2023.10202681.
  8. Xu, Ke. (2024). Low-Voltage Ride-Through Technology in Photovoltaic Power Generation. Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology. 81. 176-181. https://doi.org/10.54097/ypyswj45.
  9. A. Amanipoor, M. S. Golsorkhi, N. Bayati and M. Savaghebi. (2023). V-Iq Based Control Scheme for Mitigation of Transient Overvoltage in Distribution Feeders with High PV Penetration. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 283-296, Jan. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSTE.2022.3211179 
  10. K. Kawabe and K. Tanaka. (2015). Impact of Dynamic Behavior of Photovoltaic Power Generation Systems on Short-Term Voltage Stability. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 30, no. 6, pp. 3416-3424, Nov. 2015, https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2015.2390649.
  11. Munkhchuluun, Enkhtsetseg & Meegahapola, L.G. & Vahidnia, Arash. (2020). Long-term voltage stability with large-scale solar-photovoltaic (PV) generation. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems. 117. 105663. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2019.105663.
  12. E. Munkhchuluun and L. Meegahapola. (2017). Impact of the solar photovoltaic (PV) generation on long-term voltage stability of a power network. 2017 IEEE Innovative Smart Grid Technologies - Asia (ISGT-Asia), Auckland, New Zealand, pp. 1-6, https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGT-Asia.2017.8378456
  13. A. R. Nikolopoulos, E. I. Batzelis, P. Lewin and N. Nikolaou. (2024). Statistical Analysis of Solar Irradiance Variability. 2024 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM), Seattle, WA, USA, 2024, pp. 1-5, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/PESGM51994.2024.10689164.
  14. Yu. O. Varetskyy, V. M. Horban, Ya. S. Pazyna. (2016). Voltage variations in electrical microgrid with hybrid power plant. Bulletin of Lviv Polytechnic National University: Electric Power and Electromechanical Systems, No. 840, pp. 17-23. (in Ukrainian)