city fortifications

The authors for the first time put into scientific circulation an unique source of historical cartography - a military topographic map of the Podillia province in 1841-1847 by Major General A. Fittinghof (from the corps of military topographers of the Russian Empire). The map is unique source in that it reflects the condition of many Podilian settlements before the regulation and reconstruction of the 19th-20th centuries, which distorted the historical buildings, captures the relics of fortifications in towns and castles. The scale of the map is 200 soot.

In this article for the first time the methods of the complex historical and town-planning
analysis of urban defense complexes of the city of Vinnytsia formed during the Grand Duchy
of Lithuania is applied. The author compares chronicle and act sources, historical cartography
and the results of modern field research to establish the location of ancient castle and urban
fortifications. The thesis about the formation of the primary urban structure of Vinnytsia
during the Lithuanian era according to the principles of urban planning on Rus’ law is proved.

In this article for the first time the methods of the complex historical and town-planning
analysis of urban defense complexes of the city of Vinnytsia formed during the Grand Duchy of
Lithuania is applied. The author compares chronicle and act sources, historical cartography and the
results of modern field research to establish the location of ancient castle and urban fortifications.
The thesis about the formation of the primary urban structure of Vinnytsia during the Lithuanian

The authors of the article focus on the urban activities of the princes of Zbarazh of the senior branch. Special attention is paid to cities whose location and fortification are directly associated with representatives of the princely family. An attempt is made to find the principle that guided the Princes when choosing the city and choosing the method of fortifications.