екологічна безпека

The basic approaches to the definition of the concept “ecological safety” are analyzed and their normative-legal interpretation is revealed. The components of ecological policy in a democratic society are considered. The peculiarities of the formation and implementation of ecological management in Ukraine are shown. The structure of ecological management is considered. The basic problems of ecological safety of Ukraine are found out.

Abstract. In the article based on the complex system, approach the analysis, in the context of the current legislation, of the basic scientific and theoretical approaches to the basic bases of legal regulation of maintenance of ecological safety in emergencies is carried out.

A multi-stage method for producing an absorbent with increased absorption capacity based on agro-industrial wastes has been proposed. The method includes treatment of raw materials with sulfuric acid, mechanochemical modification, electrostatic separation, and cavitation stage. The expediency of the proposed adsorbent usage in the process of purification of contaminated water from fats, phenols, petroleum products, and heavy metal ions has been proved. The complex application of adsorbents (absorption of gaseous pollutants and wastewater purification) has been tested.

One of the industries that uses large amounts of water is the food industry. Industrial, domestic managers of the production process stand out with it and enter the environment surrounded by contaminated effluents. Their main feature is the high content of dissolved organic matter and nitrogen. You can also create wall water to create aggregate-resistant colloids, which include animal and vegetable fats, proteins, starch, sugar, as well as salts, carbohydrates, dyes, thickeners, preservatives.

The results of adsorption properties of complex natural sorbents in relation to the neutralization of zinc ions from wastewater are presented. The adsorption isotherm of Zn2+ ions on complex sorbents (clinoptilolite-shungite) (1:1) according to Langmuir and Freundlich models is constructed, the type of adsorption isotherms according to S. Brunauer classification is established.  The value of the maximum sorption capacity of Gmax complex sorbents for Zn2+ ions is calculated.

The article is devoted to the study of the instrumental basis of the mechanism of administrative and legal regulation of environmental security, which is part of the general legal mechanism whose purpose is environmental safety. It is stated that the mechanism of ensuring environmental safety is a complex complex entity that includes a set of organizational, economic and legal means. Appropriate methods and forms are the instrumental basis of the mechanism of administrative and legal regulation of ensuring environmental safety in Ukraine.

At the present stage of development, the entire world industry has faced the problem of rational use of renewable natural resources, in particular the most efficient ways of wastewater treatment and the use of accumulated waste in the production process as a secondary raw material.

The issue of industrial water treatment and food waste disposal is particularly relevant, especially for the alcohol industry. The problem of wastewater treatment and waste accumulation in the process of alcohol production is due to high chemical and biological oxygen demand, specific colour and odour, a large number of suspended substances, low pH. Therefore, the choice of promising wastewater treatment technologies is of paramount importance to ensure the ecological safety of the environment.

In Ukraine, there is a problem of environmentally hazardous handling of used packaging of pesticides and other toxic chemicals and hazardous waste which can pose a serious threat to human health and the environment. The paper presents modern methods of disposal of pesticide packaging in the world and the situation in Ukraine. The Ukrainian and world environmental legislations regulating the problem of pesticide packaging management are analyzed. The scheme of processing and disposal of pesticide containers is proposed.

The article deals with the main scientific priorities of the development of environmental research in Odessa National Academy of Food Technologies under the leadership of the Head of the Department of Ecology and Environmental Technologies, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor Krusir G.V.