фортифікації

From ancient times, mankind has tried to protect their settlement from predators and enemies.
This promoted to creation of comfortable living conditions. This contributed to the emergence of
fortified settlements. On the territory that archaeologists associate with the Slavs tribe Drevlyany,
settlements began to appear in the IX century. when the Great Migration of the Slavs was finally
completed. Bohdan Zvizdetsky, researcher of drevlyan՚s antiquity, provided information about 20

Historical towns of Ukraine are the subject of numerous interdisciplinary studies. The focus is
mainly on those settlements that have preserved the planning composition or have significant
historical significance. Instead, towns that have lost opportunities for spatial development remain
unnoticed. The purpose of article is to determine the spatial parameters of downtown and individual
development anomalies of unsuccessful cities: Yaltushkiv, Mezhyriv, Porosyatkiv, Maryanivka,
Barok and Berlyntsi.

The article analyzes the research and design documentation "Historical and architectural
basic plan of the city of Lviv" (2020) in terms of identification and protection of fortifications. The
analysis of the documentation revealed little attention of the authors to the study and coverage of the
stages of development of the fortification lines of Lviv from the XIII to the XIX century. This
approach has led to the debatable identification of many objects by their historical, urban and

Formation and development of the central part of Chernivtsi is a long historical
process. The settlement, which emerged in the XIV century, underwent major urban
transformations that took place during the XVIII-XX centuries. They became an important
period of creation of the renewed structure plan of the city area which is still in operation. The
historical city centre has been changing its structure, size, functional organization during a long
time. The objective of the research is to study and compare the main parameters and

The Ukrainian frontier lands have introduced the principles of early-modern European urbanism which primarily included a defense component in the 16th–17th centuries. The inventory papers and studies of that time indicate that the presence of defense structures around the settlements was determined by the city status, which gave privileges and responsibilities to defend and keep both the city and castle fortifications.