ЄС

The article’s purpose is to assess the effectiveness of EU policies concerning strengthen the quality of democracy in the member states. The research methods are aimed at proving the hypothesis about a decrease in impact (initiatives, control, etc.) of EU institutions on deepening democratic modernization, as a result of a discrepancy on debatable issues between the “young” democracies of the EU (like the Baltic States) and the liberal democratic course of the EU. The research is based on the methodology of neo-institutionalism, value approach and political comparative studies.

     History of Euro-Arab relations is full of with troubled, tragic, stressed but also optimistic and sanguine occasions. Through the ages, people of the Europe and the Middle East have lived together and interacted, by trading, negotiating, and conquering each other. Within the framework of constantly developing international law, diplomacy and universal respect rules, however, the spirit of cooperation and partnership has started to be lived and strengthened between two civilizations.

The issue of educational emigration of Ukrainians — going to study abroad to study in the European Universities is considered. The aspects of this phenomenon have been studied. The phenomenon of educational emigration of Ukrainians has its positive and negative sides, which, in the current state of affairs, are much more. Given the scale of this phenomenon, as well as its significant potential impact on the country’s economy, it is advisable to form the principles of management of educational emigration from Ukraine, which should at least minimize the negative effects.

There are many approaches to identifying, analyzing and enhancing competitiveness, which is a complex characteristic of regions, countries, industries, enterprises, and commodities. With prospects of Ukraine’s European integration, we consider the EU as a key benchmark for enhancing its global competitiveness.

The article analyzes the energy security of the Baltic States (Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia) in the context of polyhybression of the Russian Federation, which acts against them multifrontally by means of hybrid methods, mainly by energy leverage. It is noted that the countries of the region are currently energy dependent on the Russian Federation. Attention is focused on the resistance of the Baltic States to official Moscow's hybression in the energy sector.

         The energy security state of the Visegrad Group member states in the context of the implementation of the “Nord Stream-2” gas pipeline has been analyzed. The Visegrad Four countries positions regarding the realization of the gas project initiated by the Russian Federation have been considered. It has been clarified that the “Nord Stream-2” pipeline construction is a threat to energy security not only for the Visegrad States but also for the European Union.

The article is dedicated to the topical problem of formation, effective functioning of the European Information Society, creation of security system and counteraction to the negative information and psychological influences.