кавітація

The paper is devoted to the study of the sorption properties of residual coal formed after hydrocavitation treatment of brown coal of the Olexandria deposit. The study aims to investigate the possibility of more efficient usage of brown coal processing products that have undergone cavitation treatment. Hydrocavitation of earthy brown coal provides complete and fast extraction of humus acids during extraction with the sodium hydroxide solution. At the same time, the residual coal is pulverized to the size of 10-20 µm.

The regularities of cavitation treatment of food and chemical industries wastewater from organic and biological contaminants in the presence of gases of different nature were studied. The optimal temperature range 313K - 318 K for cavitation wastewater treatment was established. It is shown that the process of cavitation destruction of organic compounds can be described by a first - order kinetic equation.

A multi-stage method for producing an absorbent with increased absorption capacity based on agro-industrial wastes has been proposed. The method includes treatment of raw materials with sulfuric acid, mechanochemical modification, electrostatic separation, and cavitation stage. The expediency of the proposed adsorbent usage in the process of purification of contaminated water from fats, phenols, petroleum products, and heavy metal ions has been proved. The complex application of adsorbents (absorption of gaseous pollutants and wastewater purification) has been tested.

The mechanism of water sonolysis with the formation of both intermediates (free radicals) and basic products (hydrogen and oxygen), which are important for thermal power engineering and water purification technologies, based on the use of advanced oxidation processes, wasresearched. The efficiency of hydroxyl radical generation in the environment of inert gases and oxygen was analyzed.

Methanol synthesis was achieved by a free-radical mechanism of the compounding reaction of methane and hydroxyl radical. Experiments were performed by feeding methane and hydrogen-peroxide into a cavitation field. The major reaction products were methanol and water molecules. The calculated degree of methane conversion equals to ~10 %.

Integration of physical and physical-chemical processes is a principle that is inextricably linked with the development of modern technologies. Trends in the integration of technological processes are also characteristic for branches of water treatment and preparation. The combination of processes makes it possible to significantly increase the degree of sewage treatment, reduce the duration and energy intensity of the purification process, the costs to maintain optimal reagent, temperature, hydrodynamic regimes, etc.

Oil-fat industry produces and recycles vegetable fats and related products. Sewage of this industry contain a large number of pollutants different nature. But, the main contaminating components of this sewage are organic compounds, mainly fatty character. Existing methods of water purification are not capable of providing sufficient degree of wastewater treatment, which would comply established sanitary norms. It’s creates a big problem, because it’s cause pollution of surface waters with organic compounds. Solving this problem is possible when switching to closed water systems.