оборонні споруди

The article is dedicated to the study of pentagonal castles in early modern Halychyna, their classification, and comparative analysis. It describes methodological challenges related to the specificity of source materials and the lack of targeted research. The preserved monuments (Berezhany, Pniv, Chortkiv, and Brody Castles) are examined with a focus on their location, structural features, and the building materials used.

The article introduces three archival primary sources into scholarly circulation for the first time. These sources are preserved in the Military Archive of the Austrian State Archives in Vienna (Österreichische Staatsarchiv. Kriegsarchiv. Wien) and include: the map «Plan der demolirten Festung Stanislawow. Durchshnitle nach den Linien», 1812 (Plan of the Demolished Fortress of Stanislawow. Cross-sections along the Lines), and two text documents – «Demolirung der Befestigung Stanislawow. Mineurs Detachement.

The properties of the downtown architectural and town-planning creation in the historical cities of Derazhne and Derazhnya are considered. It has been found that in Derazhne the castle was located in the southern part of today's village, on a wedge ledge formed at the place where the stream flows into the Horyn River. The downtown stood northeast of the castle. Its territory had features of a regular rectangle, and the gates were located on the western and northern sides.

For several centuries, the Maniavsky Skete played the role of a significant sacred, cultural, and defensive centre of the region. The first two factors have been studied quite thoroughly, but the third one has been neglected by scholars. Therefore, the study of the defence system of the sacred abode is quite relevant.

Monasteries in the XVII–XVIII centuries to a greater or lesser extent were the cultural centers of the country, centers of theological thought, spiritual and intellectual activity. It is worth noting that the sacred buildings of that time are a sign of the presence of a certain people in the territory. The monastery in Shcheploty was a small Ukrainian monastery that played its own role in this process.

The article analyzes the landscape and urban planning location of monasteries of Bernardins based on desk and field studies. Previously unknown facts about the existence and functioning of individual monastic fortification elements were revealed, and the features of the order's defensive structures were determined. 

Reliable fortifications were the key to the stable functioning of the castle, city or monastery on the territory of Western Ukraine in the XVII-XVIII centuries.