The structure and properties of modified poly(lactiс acid) films suitable for use as packaging materials and paper lamination were studied. Modification of poly(lactiс acid) of different degrees of crystallinity with glycerol was performed.
Polylactide composite materials with inorganic filler -calcium carbonate which have been modified with epoxidized soybean oil and glycerin have been developed. On the basis of the modular-deformation method of calculation the elastic-plastic properties of the developed polylactide materials and the coefficient of structure are determined. The change of the modulus of deformation, modulus of elasticity, surface hardness, Vicat softening point and thermomechanical characteristics of polylactide composites is revealed.
The most common additive methods of processing polylactide materials are analyzed. Attention is paid to the features of methods of selective laser sintering, stereolithography and modeling by layer surfacing, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of using biodegradable materials, including polylactide. Approaches to the development of composite materials based on polylactide with additives of different nature and their technological and operational characteristics are substantiated.
The technological parameters of the process and the design of the extrusion head for the manufacture of products such as “pipe” of polylactide composite materials by extrusion, its construction elements are calculated. Prototypes of a product made of biodegradable plastic were obtained.
The physical modification of poly(lactiс acid) materials suitable for use in the form of films for the packaging industry and paper lamination has been studied. Modification of poly(lactiс acids) of different degrees of crystallinity with glycerol was performed. The peculiarities of the formation of film materials on the basis of poly(lactiс acids) and their mixtures with glycerin are investigated, the choice of the optimal solvent (chloroform) for the formation of films by irrigation is substantiated and carried out.
The influence of the filler - talc, its content, additional heat treatment and temperature on the physical-mechanical and thermophysical properties of polylactide materials, in particular on the surface hardness, heat resistance according to Vick and thermomechanical characteristics has been studied. The influence of filler and temperature on the resistance of polylactide materials to the action of the aqueous medium is revealed. The diffusion coefficient of water in polylactide materials and the activation energy of the diffusion process were determined.
Technological features of obtaining biodegradable binary blends of polylactide with polyhydroxybutyrate, polycaprolactone, thermoplastic starch, polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate, polybutylene succinate, polybutylene succinate-co-adipate are considered. The influence of polymer applications on physical-mechanical, thermophysical, technological properties and ability to biodegradation and biocompatibility of the obtained materials is revealed. The main possible directions of using binary biodegradable polylactide blends are considered.