рівновага

The paper presents a mathematical description of the process of obtaining isovaleric acid by the method of extraction of roots and rhizomes of valerian, taking into account its chemical structure and the nature of the extractant. The traditional case of the extraction process, the straight line of equilibrium in the case of using an aqueous alcohol solution as an extractant and the unconventional case of using desalinated water as an extractant, which is represented by a convex equilibrium line, is substantiated.

The purpose of this work was to study the process of adsorption of phosphate on natural and synthesized sorbents, such as aluminosilicates. The sorption properties of natural zeolite for phosphate under static and dynamic conditions were investigated. The zeolite on the basis of the coal fly ash of Dobrotvorskaya heat power plant was synthesized and modified. The equilibrium values of adsorption capacity were determined, and the corresponding isotherms were constructed at a temperature of 20° C. The kinetics of adsorption under mechanical mixing conditions was investigated.

The application of thermodynamic analysis for studying the equilibrium of chemical reactions between components of architectural monuments made of stone and air components of large cities is considered. In order to evaluate the possibility of a chemical reaction, it is necessary to calculate the change in enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs energy. The heat effect of the reaction (change of the en-thalpea) and the change of entropy have a secondary value for the course of such reactions. The proven values ​​of ΔCр  allow us to verify the correctness of the calculations ΔН0Т and ΔS0Т.

The aim of this work was studying the process of phosphate adsorption on natural and synthesized adsorbents such as aluminosilicates. Sorption properties of natural zeolite concerning phosphates in static and dynamic conditions were investigated. It was found that phosphates were absorbed better in an acidic environment. Zeolites based on fly ashes of Dobrotvir heat power plant were synthesized and modified. The equilibrium values of adsorption capacity were established and the proper isotherms at a temperature 20 °C were built.