science

This is Ukrainian translation of the article "Substantive and Functional Definition of Philosophy" by the famous Polish thinker, researcher and critic of Marxism, epistemologist, Leszek Kolakowski. It examines the nature of philosophy, its purposes, and its functions, which it performs in the life of an individual as well as in social life. Therefore, the author examines various definitions of philosophy from different positions: scientific, transcendental, traditional and functional. The latter is the main one, because Leszek Kolakowski adheres to it.

Abstract. The establishment and maintenance of social order is an unconditional asset of civilization, an indicator of the civilized development of society. One of the valuable manifestations of the characteristic signs of the effectiveness of law in society is the appropriate legal order, which is achieved by means of influence, regulation, and provision. However, there is no doubt about the thesis that the valuable manifestation of regulation is a sign of stable social development.

This is the first Ukrainian translation of Isaiah Berlin's essay "The Purpose of Philosophy".

The foreword focuses on the life of Isaiah Berlin, his interests, as well as the article “The Purpose of Philosophy”, which is translated into Ukrainian for the first time. Isaiah Berlin's metaphilosophical reflections on philosophy are important for understanding what is the place of philosophy in the system of sciences, what tasks philosophy can solve. This article also explains the value of philosophy for society and man.

 The article discusses the issue of the essence and scientific status of philosophy. The case is made that philosophy is essentially related to worldview, because it revolves around the most general questions about the world, a human being, and its place in the world – worldview questions, or Big Philosophical Questions. This does not mean that philosophy is a worldview, or a collection of worldviews, or a science about worldviews.

The history of the development of mechanics and a brief chronology of the creation and work of specialized scientific councils for the training of highly qualified personnel in the Lviv Polytechnic are presented, the main stages of their activity are singled out and characterized.

The article is devoted to the study of the current state of scientific, technical and innovative activities in Ukraine based on the analysis of international rankings and domestic information sources, identifies the main problems that influence the innovative development of Ukraine and human capital, the developed methodical approaches to forecasting of evolution of personnel potential of domestic science for the next decades are analyzed..

The author of the review analyzes the book that focuses on three challenges of evolution to religion: teleology, origin of a human being, and the evolution of religion itself. De Smedt and Helen De Cruz show how these tensions arise and offer potential responses for religion. Individual religions can meet these challenges, if some of their metaphysical assumptions are adapted or abandoned.

Jan Łukasiewicz's article "Creativity in Science" is translated into Ukrainian for the first time.

For the first time, the article “Creativity in Science” by Jan Łukasiewicz, a well-known representative of the Lviv-Warsaw School, logician and methodologist of science, was translated into Ukrainian. A well-known logician refutes the thesis that sciences exist only to reproduce facts and establish truths based on them. Sciences exist to meet the intellectual needs of man, which are manifested in his desire to understand. Reasoning is a creative act that includes demonstration, deduction, affirmation and understanding, as well as creation of hypotheses.