ультразвук

The grafted copolymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate to polyvinylpyrrolidone in the presence of mineral fillers (hydroxyapatite, montmorillonite and wollastonite) under ultrasound has been investigated. The effect of ultrasound, nature and amount of mineral filler on the polymerization rate and composition of copolymers has been determined. Ultrasound substantially intensifies the polymerization process and actively affects the formation of the copolymer composition. Under its action, a porous structure of composites is formed, even without adding special foaming agents.

The mechanism of water sonolysis with the formation of both intermediates (free radicals) and basic products (hydrogen and oxygen), which are important for thermal power engineering and water purification technologies, based on the use of advanced oxidation processes, wasresearched. The efficiency of hydroxyl radical generation in the environment of inert gases and oxygen was analyzed.

The article analyzes the topicality of the primary standard creation of the ultrasonic pressure unit in water for the frequency  range of 0.5–10.0 MHz  in Ukraine.  Its creation  is predetermined by  the necessity of  the exploited ultrasound medical equipment metrological maintenance as well as for the assessment of compliance with the requirements of the technical regulations for medical products to be exploited.

This research presents that the higher temperature results on higher extracted anthocyanin. In addition, it was found that pH 2 was preferable for obtaining greater anthocyanin content. Employing the second-order kinetics model in this research confirmed the good fitting of the model and experimental data.

The influence of cavitation on a decrease of the number of microorganism colonies has been investigated. Our results have shown that the number of viable microorganisms in water dispersion during first 30 minutes of sonication increased till maximum. Then their quantity sharply decreased. A kinetic model of ultrasonic degradation of yeast cells aggregates was proposed.

The regularities of obtaining of osteoplastic porous composites based on 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate with polyvinylpyrrolidone copolymers in the presence of mineral fillers (hydroxyapatite, montmorillonite and wollastonite) under ultrasound are researched. The influence of ultrasound, nature and amount of inorganic filler on the polymerization rate, copolymers composition and composites porosity has been determined. It was found that homopolymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate without filler under ultrasound action does not occur in experiment conditions.

Usually, in chemical industry the energy of ultrasound is being used to intensify technological processes. However, the complexity of the mechanism of ultrasound action makes it difficult to create a single common theory that could explain its influence on the chemical reactions. Therefore, in each particular case wide-ranging studies of the influence of ultrasound on the chemical reaction, as well as on the structure and properties of the synthesized substances and materials are required.

The different methods of water purification from bacteria of the genus Bacillus are observed. The comparative characteristics of these methods is made. Розглянуто різні методи очищення води від бактерій роду Bacillus. Зроблена порівняльна характеристика цих методів. 

The influence of ultrasonic cavitation on disinfestation from bacterial genus Diplococcus in  the  atmosphere  of  nitrogen  and  air  has  been  investigated.  Based  on  experimental  data suggested  the  joint usage of ultrasound with nitrogen  flushing  is  the most effective agent  for purification of water. 

The dynamics of the change of microbial amounts in water medium in sonication time was determined. Gases bubbling of different nature into the reaction medium for water disinfection from bacteria under cavitation conditions is proposed in the article. The rate constants of destruction of Bacillus cereus bacteria type in the gas atmosphere are expected. It was determined that the processes microorganisms’ destruction at bubbling of all investigated gases are described by the kinetic equations of the first order.