On the preconditions of corruption during the full-scale war in Ukraine

2024;
: 400-406

Citation APA: Shulhan I. (2024) On the preconditions of corruption during the full-scale war in Ukraine. Bulletin of Lviv Polytechnic National University. Series: Legal Sciences. Vol. 11, No. 1(41), pp. 400-406.https://doi.org/10.23939/law2024.41.400

Authors:
1
Lviv Polytechnic National University Institute of Law, Psychology and Innovative Education

Preventing and combating corruption is one of the main tasks of the state. It should be noted that the war is another reason to fight this negative phenomenon. Unfortunately, Ukraine has an insufficient level of countering and preventing corruption, as statistical studies show that its scale is not decreasing. Therefore, public authorities need to pay special attention to improving anti-corruption mechanisms and measures to ensure the quality and safe functioning of public policy for the benefit of Ukrainian society.

The full-scale war on the territory of Ukraine has shifted the focus of the authorities' efforts towards protecting the state from the enemy, and has also affected the determinants of corruption. The article analyses the main prerequisites for corruption in wartime, in particular, the temporary suspension of the Register of Electronic Declarations, the closure of access to most public data, the weakening of public control over the activities of public authorities, and public procurement without competitive procedures. Socio-economic reasons remain relevant, such as low wages; depreciation of moral norms in state and public life; low level of legal culture, etc.

It is emphasised that the effective fight against corruption crime in Ukraine during the war continues and requires the creation of a more effective state system of coordination of anti-corruption policy with proper legislative consolidation and implementation of preventive measures to prevent corruption, especially in wartime. Ukraine's current anti-corruption legislation needs to be improved and detailed. The activities of law enforcement agencies should not be influenced by corruption-related factors. A combination of law and order in the government and law-abidingness in society will help the Ukrainian state reach a new level of development.

1. Indeks spyniattia Koruptsii – 2023. (2024) [Corruption Perceptions Index – 2023]. Transparency International Ukraine. URL: https://ti-ukraine.org/research/indeks-spryjnyattya-koruptsiyi-2023/ [in Ukrainian].

2. Antykoruptsiyna stratehiya na 2021–2025. (2022) [Anti-Corruption Strategy for 2021–2025]. URL: https://nazk.gov.ua/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Antykoruptsijna-strategiya-na-2021-2025-rr.pdf [in Ukrainian].

3. Pro zasady derzhavnoyi antykoruptsiynoyi polityky na2021–2025 : Zakon Ukrainy vid 20 chervnya 2022 r. Nо. 2322-IX. (2022) [On the principles of state anti-corruption policy for 2021-2025 : Law of Ukraine of June 20, 2022 No. 2322-IX]. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2322-20#Text [in Ukrainian].

4. Shylo S. M. (2019). Kryminolihichni napriamy zapobihannia koruptsii v Ukrayini. [Criminological directions of corruption prevention in Ukraine]. Pidpryiemnytstvo, gospodarstvo i  pravo. 2019. No. 9. P. 237–242. [in Ukrainian].

5. Pro zapobihannia koruptsii : Zakon Ukrainy vid 14 zhovtnya 2014 r. Nо. 1700-VII. [On Prevention of Corruption : Law of Ukraine of October, 14, 2014 No 1700-VII]. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1700-18#Text [in Ukrainian].

6. Pro pravovyi rezhym voyennoho stanu : Zakon Ukrainy vid 12 travnia 2015 r. No. 389-VIII. [On the legal regime of martial law: Law of Ukraine of May,12, 2015 No. 389-VIII]. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/389-19#Text [in Ukrainian].

7. Burda O. M. (2023).  Zapobihannia proyavam koruptsii v umovah voyennoho stanu v Ukayini.  [Prevention of corruption in the conditions of martial law in Ukraine]. Aktual`ni problem protydii zlochynnosti ta  koruptsii: Zbirnyk tez Vseukrayins`koi naukovo-praktychnoi konferentsii (m. Kharkiv, 17 liutoho 2023 r.). Kharkiv: Yursayt, 2023. P. 25–31. [in Ukrainian].

8. Seriohin S. S. (2009). Mechanismy poperedzhennia ta protydii koruptsii v orhanah publichnoi vlady. [Mechanisms for preventing and combating corruption in public authorities]. Universytets`ki naukovi zapysky. 2009. № 4. P. 284–289. [in Ukrainian].

9. Pro zahyst interesiv subyektiv podannia zvitnosti ta inshyh dokumentiv u period dii voyennoho stany abo stanu viyny : Zakon Ukrainy vid 03 bereznia 2022r. [On protection of interests of subjects of submission of reports and other documents during the period of martial law or state of war : Law of Ukraine of March, 3, 2022]. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2115-20#Text [in Ukrainian].

10. Pro vnesennia zmin do deiakyh zakoniv Ukrainy pro vyznachennia poriadku podannia deklaratsiy osib, upovnovazhenyh na vykonannia funktsiy derzhavy abo mistsevoho samovriaduvannia, v umovah voyennoho stanu: Zakon Ukrainy vid 20 veresnia 2023 r. No. 3384-IX.  [On Amendments to Certain Laws of Ukraine on Determining the Procedure for Submitting Declarations of Persons Authorised to Perform the Functions of the State or Local Self-Government under Martial Law : Law of Ukraine of September, 20, 2023 No. 3384-IX]. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/3384-20#Text [in Ukrainian].

11. Rezul`taty kampanii deklaruvannia. [Results of the declaration campaign]. Website of the National Agency for the Prevention of Corruption. URL: https://nazk.gov.ua/uk/deklaruvannya/mayzhe-1-5-mln-deklaratsiy-podano-z... [in Ukrainian].

12. Nevmerzhytskyi E. V. (2009). Koruptsiia yak sotsialno-politychnyi fenomen. [Corruption as a socio-political phenomenon] : PhD thesis ... Doctor of Political Science: 23.00.02. Kyiv, 2009. 34 p. [in Ukrainian].

13. Kryminalnyi kodeks Ukrainy : Zakon Ukrainy vid 05 kvitnia 2001 r. No. 2365-III. [Criminal Code of Ukraine : Zakon Ukrainy of April, 5, 2001 No. 2341-III. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2341-14#Text [in Ukrainian].

14. Pro politychni partii v Ukraini : Zakon Ukrainy vid 05 kvitnia 2001 r. No. 2365-III. [On Political Parties in Ukraine : Law of Ukraine of April, 5, 2001 No. 2365-III. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2365-14#Text [in Ukrainian].

15.  Pro vnesennia zmin do zakonu Ukrainy “Pro politychni partii v Ukraini” shchodo udoskonalennia poriadku zupynennia ta prypynennia derzhavnoho finansuvannia statutnoi diyalnosti politychnji partii : Proekt zakonu. [On Amendments to the Law of Ukraine "On Political Parties in Ukraine" on Improving the Procedure for Suspension and Termination of State Funding of Statutory Activities of a Political Party: Draft Law]. URL: https://www.kmu.gov.ua/bills/proekt-zakonu-pro-vnesennya-zmin-do-zakonu-... [in Ukrainian].

16. Pro vnesennia zmin do deiakyh zakonoavchyh aktiv Ukrainy shchodo udoskonalennia derzhavnoho finansuvannia ta kontroliu za diyal`nistiu politychnyh partiy : Zakon Ukrainy vid  23 serpnia 2023 r. No. 3337-IX. [On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on Improving State Financing and Control over the Activities of Political Parties : Law of Ukraine of August, 23, 2023 No. 3337-IX. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/3337-20#Text  [in Ukrainian].