This article explores the legal nature of sexual war crimes in the context of armed conflict, particularly with reference to the ongoing war in Ukraine. It emphasizes the systematic use of sexual violence as a tool of terror, repression, humiliation, and the destruction of social structures. The article examines the compliance of such acts with international humanitarian law.
A range of legal mechanisms aimed at combating sexual violence during war is analyzed. Global practice demonstrates that effective resolution of this issue is only possible through consistent adherence to the law, cooperation with international organizations, and the implementation of mechanisms to protect victims. Ukraine has taken important steps in this direction, but further integration into the international legal system and stronger enforcement remain pressing tasks.
It is concluded that Ukrainian legislation requires further improvement in the areas of war crimes investigation and support mechanisms for victims. The legislation must be harmonized with international standards to ensure effective legal protection for victims. Enhancing Ukraine’s legal framework for the protection of victims of wartime sexual violence is a crucial step toward achieving justice and restoring social order. The development of effective mechanisms for the social adaptation and reintegration of victims is a key element in facilitating their return to normal life.
Countering sexual violence committed in times of war must become a priority for both the national criminal justice system and international bodies working to ensure compliance with international humanitarian law.
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