The article is devoted to the study of the history of the formation of the theory of
reasoning in the context of the changes in philosophical knowledge in the second half of the
twentieth century. The main directions of the theory that have had the greatest influence on
the formation of the theory of argumentation, in particular, the neorortex of H. Perelman and
S. Tulmin, the pragma-dialectics of Ehmeren and Grootendorst, are analyzed. Characterized
by the main problems posed by the theory of reasoning: the interaction of the speaker and the
audience during the construction of arguments, the relationship between evidence and
argument.
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