Effect of nanoparticle shape on natural convection in hybrid nanofluid inside square cavity

2024;
: pp. 1118–1127
https://doi.org/10.23939/mmc2024.04.1118
Received: July 16, 2024
Revised: November 25, 2024
Accepted: November 26, 2024

Mohd Ali Hanafiah M. A., Ab Ghani A., Hafidzuddin M. E. H., Md Arifin N., Mohamad Som M. N.  Effect of nanoparticle shape on natural convection in hybrid nanofluid inside square cavity.  Mathematical Modeling and Computing. Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 1118–1127 (2024)

1
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Universiti Putra Malaysia
2
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Universiti Putra Malaysia
3
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Universiti Putra Malaysia; Centre for Foundation Studies in Science of Universiti Putra Malaysia
4
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Universiti Putra Malaysia
5
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Universiti Putra Malaysia; Centre for Foundation Studies in Science of Universiti Putra Malaysia

A numerical study of natural convection in a square cavity with Al$_2$O$_3$-Cu/water hybrid nanofluid, focusing on the effects of nanoparticle shape, is conducted.  The governing partial differential equations and corresponding boundary conditions are transformed into nondimensional forms and solved using the finite element method.  The flow and heat transfer characteristics are graphically illustrated and explained for different nanoparticle volume fractions and shapes, with corresponding average Nusselt numbers.  It has been observed that a variety of nanoparticle shapes effect, as the empirical nanoparticle shape factor $m$ increases, the total surface area of the nanoparticle increases.  This causes more heat can be dissipated and in turn, produces a higher heat transfer rate.

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