Nowadays, Internet mass media and social networks are a battlefield in the information war as a component of the armed battle for democratic convictions and consciousness of Ukrainians. Counterfeiting Russian disinformation created by AI in the Internet media is an important topical problem of journalism researchers and an applied problem of all Internet users for the formation of stable democratic beliefs, resistance to hostile manipulations of Russian propagandists. The importance of knowledge about the signs of Russian disinformation in the Internet media for every citizen of Ukraine and citizens of democratic states is due not only to the role of disinformation in the information war, which precedes and accompanies the armed war, has a long-term disturbing effect on the consciousness and psyche of people in order to deform the pro-Ukrainian mental horizon, destroy democratic values, planting a pro-Russian mental look, justifying Russia's war against the independent Ukrainian state. The purpose of the study is to teach Internet media users to identify the signs of Russian disinformation and to warn them against its harmful effects on the mind, emotions, and psyche. Russian disinformation weakens the spirit, will, and resistance, deliberately disorients, destabilizes, disorganizes people, manipulates consciousness, feelings, weakens a person's confidence in himself, the victory of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, hides miscalculations and mistakes of the Russians, creates false ideas about events, facts, phenomena in favor of Russia, encourages decisions that are disadvantageous to Ukrainians, independent Ukraine and democratic countries. Russian Internet media and social networks are dangerous for people who do not have the basics of mass media literacy, do not know the signs of Russian disinformation, cannot independently determine the content belonging to Internet media, Russian manipulators. The proposed study shows which signs of disinformation indicate that this is precisely Russian disinformation – a component of Russia's informational and psychological operations on the Internet in order to oppose their anti-Ukrainian influence. The article reveals the visible (external) and invisible (hidden in the context) signs of Russian disinformation in the Internet media, social networks by the forms of its reproduction: text, photo, audio, video.
1. Albul, S. Informatsiyna hihiyena yak zasib protydiyi dezinformatsiyi pid chas voyennoho stanu // https://oduvs.edu.ua/news 2. Birhard, R. Yevropa pereymayet'sya SHI ta ryzykamy dezinformatsiya DW // https://www.dw.com/uk/evropa-perejmaetsa-si-ta-rizikami-dezinformacii/a-.... Val'ors'ka, M. A. Dipfeyk ta dezinformatsiya. K.: Akademiya ukrayins'koyi presy, 2020. 36 s. 4. Veber, Y., Kropman, V. Faktchekinh: Ni, Putin ne skhylyav kolina pered Si //DW // https://www.dw.com/ru/faktceking-net-putin-ne-preklonal-koleni-pered-si-.... Veselovski, K., Weber, J. How to recognize a photo taken by artificial intelligence? //DW // https://www.dw.com/uk/ak-rozpiznati-fotografiu-zgenerovanu-stucnim-intel.... Vlasyuk, N. Dezinformatsiya u sotsial'nykh merezhakh: yak rozpiznaty ta yak borotysya?// https://marketer.ua/ua/disinformation-in-social-networks-how-to-recogniz.... V merezhi opublikuvaly foto areshta Donal'da Trampa //https://lapsha.media/feiky/v-seti-opublikovalifoto-aresta-donalda-trampa 8. Volodymyr. Dezinformatsiya SHI: chomu tse pratsyuye ta yak tse pomityty //PORTALETE. Ukrayins'kyy telekomunikatsiynyy portal //https://portaltele.com.ua/news/cybersecurity/dezinformatsiya-shi-chomu-t.... V yakykh krayinakh Yevropy Rosiya poshyryuye naybil'she feykiv pro viynu v Ukrayini, - doslidzhennya // TEXTY.ORG.UA https://texty.org.ua/fragments/111044/v-yakyh-krayinah-yevropy-rosiya-po.... Heydor, O. The network was blown up by the photo of the Pope in a huge down jacket: what's wrong with the picture // Glavkom // https://scotch.glavcom.ua/live/merezhu-pidirvali-foto-papi-rimskoho-u-ve.... Dvorovyy, M., Lyudova, A. Protydiya dezinformatsiyi v Interneti: kudy rukhatysya Ukrayini// https://www.nrada.gov.ua/ 12. Donal'da Trampa areshtovuvaly v sudi u SSHA // BBC NEWS UKRAINA// https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/news-65176591 13. Zhuravl'ova, O. U FRN zvil'nyly holovreda za stvorene SHI "interv'yu" Shumakhera // https://www.dw.com/uk/u-frn-zvilnili-golovreda-za-stvorene-stucnim-intel.... Zelens'kyy sprostuvav feyk zlamanoho kanalu "Ukrayina 24" pro zaklyk sklasty zbroyu. VIDEO // Novynarnya //https://novynarnia.com/2022/03/16/zelenskyj-sprostuvav-fejk-zlamanogo-ka.... Kuz'menko, O. SHI vyhadav novynu pro «20 000 Shahed-136, yaki prydbala Serbiya // https://dev.ua/news/shi-vyhadav-novynu-iaku-roztyrazhuvaly-ukrainski-zmi.... Kurt, O. Tramputin: moushn-dyzayner obʺyednav oblychchya Trampa ta Putina v odnomu video // // https://tsn.ua/tsikavinki/tramputin-moushn-dizayner-ob-yednav-oblichchya.... Lisnevs'ka, A. Dezinformatsiya v novynnomu videokontenti: markery ta metody rozpiznavannya // Visnyk L'vivs'koho universytetu. Seriya : zhurnalistyka. 2019, № 45 // https://elibrary.kubg.edu.ua/id/eprint/27575/ 1/9985-19136-1-PB.pdf http://publications.lnu.edu.ua/bulletins/index.php/journalism/article/vi.... Litvinchuk, I. S. Dezinformatsiya v sotsial'nykh merezhakh: alhorytmy protydiyi // Vcheni zapysky TNU imeni V. I. Vernads'koho. Seriya: Filolohiya. Zhurnalistyka. T. 34 (73) № 11, CH. 2 2023. S. 181-186 // https://www.philol.vernadskyjournals.in.ua/journals/2023/1_2023/part_2/2...
https://doi.org/10.32782/2710-4656/2023.1.2/29 19. Mykolaychuk, B. Epidemiya dezinformatsiyi: chomu feyky staly chastynoyu nashoho zhyttya i yak "vaktsynuvatysya" // https://cedem.org.ua/analytics/epidemiya-dezinformatsiyi/ 20. Nanovs'ka, V. De zhurnalisty mozhut' zaluchaty SHI-keysy svitovykh vydan' // Mediameyker // https://mediamaker.me/de-zhurnalisty-mozhut-zaluchyty-shtuchnyj-intelekt.... Palenko, T. A. Disinformation: concepts, signs, countermeasures prospects // Legal electronic scientific journal. 2022, No. 7. P. 337-339 // http://www.lsej.org.ua/7_2022/80.pdf.
https://doi.org/10.32782/2524-0374/2022-7/80 22. Petriv, O. O. Dezinformatsiya ta shtuchnyy intelekt: (ne)vydyma zahroza suchasnosti // https://cedem.org.ua/analytics/dezinformatsiya-shtuchnyi-intelekt/ 23. Pylypiv, I. AI against propaganda: how startup Mantis Analitics fights Russian disinformation // Economichna pravda //epravda.com.ua 24. Polikovs'ka, YU. V Ukrayini rozroblyayut' stratehiyu pravovoho rehulyuvannya SHI // Detektor media // https://ms.detector.media/internet/post/32594/2023-08-03-v-ukraini-rozro.... Polikovs'ka, YU. Lyudyam skladno vyyavlyaty dezinformatsiyu, stvorenu SHI - doslidzhennya // Detektor media // https://ms.detector.media/internet/post/32314/2023-06-30-lyudyam-skladno.... On combating disinformation. Presentation of the law // https://mkip.gov.ua/files/InformPolityka.pdf 27. Romanyuk, V. Russia has worked out all possible technologies of disinformation // https://uatv.ua/uk/rosiya-vidpratsyuvala-vsi-mozhlyvi-tehnologiyi-vedenn.... Sydors'kyy, V. Yak za dopomohoyu AI protydiyaty rosiys'kiy dezinformatsiyi // https://dou.ua/forums/topic/44993/ 29. Tyshchenko, V., Mazhanova, T. Dezinformatsiya i feykovi novyny: oznaky ta metody vyyavlennya v merezhi Internet // Kiberbezpeka: osvita, nauka, tekhnika. 2022. T. 2 №18. S.175-186 // https://csecurity.kubg.edu.ua/ index.php/journal/article/view/413
https://doi.org/10.28925/2663-4023.2022.18.175186 30. Feyk: Zelens'kyy zaklykav ukrayintsiv sklasty zbroyu // https://ms.detector.media/ manipulyatsii/post/29099/2022-03-03-feyk-zelenskyy-zaklykav-ukraintsiv-sklasty-zbroyu/ 31. Feykove zvernennya Prezydenta Volodymyra Zelens'koho do viys'kovykh iz zaklykom sklasty zbroyu // https://www.slovoidilo.ua/2022/03/16/ fejkovyj-zaklyk-zelenskoho-sklasty-zbroyu-prezydent-vidreahuvav 32. Tiffany Hsu and Stuart A. Thompson/ Disinformation Researchers Raise Alarms About A.I. Chatbots // https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/08/technology/ai-chatbotsdisinformation..... U sotsmerezhakh poshyryly feykovu svitlynu khlopchyka, yakyy nachebto vyzhyv pid chas trahediyi u Dnipri // Тернопільський прес-клуб // https://pressclub.te.ua/novyny/u-soczmerezhah-poshyryly-fejkovu-svitlynu...