biomass

The article is devoted to the study of the state, problems and prospects of ensuring the sustainable use of woody forest biomass. Most of the bioenergy resources used in Ukraine for energy production are woody forest biomass. At the same time, there is a dangerous tendency to exceed the use of woody forest biomass above its potential. The norms governing the use of woody forest biomass contain various normative legal acts of Ukraine. However, the general concept of “woody forest biomass” is not defined in domestic legislation.

The article describes the results of experimental studies of the kinetic regularities of beet pulp drying by the filtration method. The influence of the main process parameters on the rate of moisture removal, including the height of the wet layer of material H (0,04 m, 0,08 m, 0,12 m, 0,16 m), temperature T (60 °C, 70 °C, 80 °C, 90 °C) and the velocity of the thermal agent v0 (1.24 m/sec, 1.76 m/sec, 2.29 m/sec, 2.82 m/sec), was investigated. The kinetic dependencies for the periods of complete and partial saturation of the thermal flow with moisture were derived.

In this work, the calculation of specific energy consumption for the process of the barley brewer’s spent grain filtration drying was investigated.

In this study, a novel, cost-effective and environmentally friendly activated carbon/chitosan hybrid material (ACCHM) was synthesized by incorporating surface properties of both the activated carbon derived from rice husk and chitosan extracted from “Black Tiger” shrimp shells to generate a highly functionalized porous material with enhanced Pb (II) adsorption capacity for water purification.

Among the large number of modern environmental problems in Ukraine, waste of wastewater treatment stations occupies a special place. During biological water treatment, the separated sludge deposits are sent to the silt fields, which are the biggest problem. Today, these fields reached their capacity three times over and pose a danger, the consequences of which go far beyond environmental problems and have grown into a chain of socio-economic, technical, medical-biological and moral-ethical problems.

As raw materials in bioenergy can be used agricultural residues formed in the process of harvesting crops and the process of their processing, in particular straw cereals, legumes, corn and sunflower seeds, etc. For energy needs, agricultural biomass is used by burning or processing into solid, liquid, or gaseous fuels. In the production of gaseous fuel in special plants - bioreactors, agricultural waste is formed not only as a source of energy - biogas, but also as excellent fertilizers.

One of the most promising components of Ukraine's renewable energy is bioenergy. It is based on the use of biomass, which is the raw material for the production of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels. Biomass includes agricultural waste and residues, wood waste in the forestry, woodworking and pulp and paper industries, energy crops, organic part of industrial and household waste. Ukraine possesses large areas of land resources, has favorable soil and climatic conditions and developed agriculture, so it can successfully develop bioenergy based on plant biomass.

Classification of macrophytes and microphytes in the system of hydrobionts is presented, individual characteristics of each macrophyte and microphyte type according to the given classification are presented, environmental problems concerning uncontrolled development of macrophytes and microphytes in water media are considered and several biotechnologies of application of their sustainable development are characterized. 

This article contains current data on biology, ecology, and cyanobacteria taxonomi. The results of analysis of bibliographic sources on conditions for nutrition, development and reproduction of cyanobacteria,  pecularities of their life cycle, requirements for creating suitable conditions for their cultivation and methods for increasing their biomass production are discussed. An impact factor model on cyanobacteria development is considered and analyzed.

The production of plant biomass in a small farms requires the application of agricultural machines adjusted for the scale of production. In the article new patented machines for small plantations of energy crops have been presented. These agricultural solutions have been worked out by authors and a part of them is still developing in cooperation with the biomass producers.