sorbents

The issues of rational use of natural resources, ecological safety and environmental protection are extremely urgent and require immediate human influence on the optimization of technological processes, reducing the impact on the ecosystem. The implementation of food industry technology is accompanied by the formation of a significant amount of wastewater, into which about a third of processed raw materials go, and the concentration of polluting components in them is 10...100 times higher than in household water.

The article presents the results of the study of the kinetics of ions adsorption from multi-component mixtures. The isotherms of sorption of ammonium nitrogen in the presence of phosphates indicate a decrease in the exchange capacity of zeolite due to its competition for active absorption centres. This study was carried out with two ions of inorganic nature. In the presence of the third organic component in the solution (protein substance - albumin), the sorption capacity of zeolite decreases even more in comparison with ammonium ions.

The results of the study of the adsorption capacity of a number of sorbents of natural and synthetic origin with respect to iron ions have been clustered. The sorption capacity of the following sorbents was studied: natural zeolite of the Sokyrnytsia deposit, synthetic sorbent based on the ash of Doborotvir heat power plant, Al2O3, SiO2, as well as some types of soils: sandy soil, black soil and clay. Equations describing the regularities of adsorption processes depending on the type of sorbent are obtained.

A detailed analysis of literature sources on the content of fluorides in the environment, methods of conditioning and defluoridation of water was held. The mechanism of interaction of fluorides with zeolite in the process of adsorption treatment of wastewaters and domestic waters was clarified. It was first established that in the process of adsorption there is the formation of magnesium fluoride compounds due to the binding of cations extracted from the zeolite by the mechanism of ion exchange.

The results of the research of the adsorption capacity of a number of sorbents of natural and synthetic origin for ammonium ions have been clustered. The natural zeolite of the Sokyrnytsia deposit, a synthetic sorbent based on the fly ash of Dobrotvir state district heat power plant, Al2O3, SiO2, as well as some types of soil: sandy soil, black soil, and clay were used in the research. Equations describing the regularities of adsorption processes depending on the type of sorbent were obtained. According to the obtained dendrograms, two main clusters of sorbents were identified.

The dependence of molybdate ion sorption in co-precipitated iron and manganese hydroxides (CPH) on the value of pH solutions and the salt background has been described. Industrial wastes of manganese sulfate MnSO4•5H2O (from hydroquinone production) and iron sulfate FeSO4•7H2O (waste production of titanium dioxide pigment) were used for the obtaining of CPH hydroxides.

Studies prospects of using waste to produce natural sorbents gypsum binder, their influence on the rheological and physico-mechanical properties.

The different methods of water purification from bacteria of the genus Bacillus are observed. The comparative characteristics of these methods is made. Розглянуто різні методи очищення води від бактерій роду Bacillus. Зроблена порівняльна характеристика цих методів.