renewable energy sources

The article considers modern methods of designing residential buildings in conditions of autonomous energy supply in a dense urban environment. The influence of urban planning restrictions, building density and climatic factors on the choice of architectural and planning and engineering solutions is analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the integration of renewable energy sources, in particular solar panels, heat pumps and energy storage systems.

Climate change is a global threat that affects economic development, social systems, and the environment. Each year, the globalization of environmental challenges becomes increasingly evident, with climate change occupying a central position among them. The primary source of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions is conventional energy production based on the combustion of fossil fuels, while global energy consumption continues to grow steadily.The aim of this study is to emphasize the impact of climate change on the energy sector.

Ukraine’s energy sector is undergoing rapid transformation due to both the need to restore generation capacity following large-scale infrastructure damage and the accelerated transition to renewable energy sources (RES). Accurate forecasting of electricity production from solar and wind power plants is a key factor for balancing the energy system and reducing investment risks associated with the development of distributed generation.

The article focuses on innovative measurement and control methods in electrical power engineering, specifically addressing challenges of power quality, signal diagnostics, and automation within smart grids. Emphasis is placed on wavelet analysis, smart metering, IoT integration, and automated control systems. These technologies are examined in the context of enhancing the adaptability and efficiency of modern electrical systems in line with Industry 4.0 requirements.

Global climate changes are taking place on our planet, which cause an increase in the average annual temperature of the atmospheric air, and, therefore, rapid melting of glaciers on all continents and an inevitable rise in the level of the world ocean. This, in turn, can lead to "environmental" wars, a brutal struggle for survival resources, and powerful migration processes.

Energy independence remains a priority task for most European countries. Along with traditional energy sources, more and more attention is being paid to renewable energy usage. The best solution for city residents is the use of solar energy for the local needs of individual households. However, chaotic installation of solar panels on the roofs has a negative impact on the aesthetic qualities of urban environment. Many problems as well arise during installation of panels itself on the roof structure.

The analytic research was conducted for a residential building built according to a typical project in Lviv. As the research data showed, the requirements of the existing normative documents of Ukraine do not allow to significantly reduce the heat load on the heat source. Thus, the value of the maximum heat flow to the heating system decreased by 36%, and the maximum heat flow to the hot water supply system - by 7.7%, and the total maximum hourly heat consumption, respectively, decreased by 23%.

         The article analyzes the state and motives for the development of green energy in the European Union. The level and pace of improvement in the field of renewable energy in Ukraine has been found out. The critical consequences of Russian aggression for the Ukrainian energy sector have been described. Prospects and risks for Ukraine, shaped by European trends and problems in the field of energy, have been identified. The role of Ukraine’s involvement in the European Green Deal, Horizon 2020, EU4Energy and INOGATE programs has been considered.

The potential of solar energy in Ukraine is high enough for widespread implementation. The most promising method of obtaining electricity is a method of direct conversion of radiation into electricity using solar panels. The production of electricity using solar panels prevents air pollution compared to the production of electricity by thermal power plants and reduces greenhouse gas emissions.