Urban planning

The article explores the evolution of defensive fortifications in small towns of Volyn, using the examples of Dubno and Kremenets. It analyzes the transition from wooden fortifications to masonry bastion systems, influenced by changes in military strategy, construction technologies, and the political situation in the region. Significant attention is given to urban planning features, the role of fortifications in shaping city structures, and their adaptation to the natural landscape.

The tradition of International Building Exhibitions (IBA) in Germany, and in particular the experience of Berlin rebuilding after the war, is interesting from the point of view of the practice of public involvement and competent construction of large-scale processes of urban reconstruction. For Ukraine, this experience can be useful during the restoration of cities affected by the military actions.

The article explores the concept of functional density as a multidimensional indicator of the spatial organization of the urban environment, which encompasses morphological, functional, social, and infrastructural characteristics. The urgency of the topic is driven by the need to reconsider urban planning principles under the conditions of full-scale war, large-scale internal displacement, and the growing pressure on municipal infrastructure, particularly in the rapidly expanding cities of western Ukraine.

The article examines the relevance of the biophilic approach in the process of rebuilding the urban environment in Ukraine after the war. Biophilic design, which involves the integration of natural elements into architectural solutions, is becoming an important tool not only for creating sustainable and ecologically balanced cities, but also for improving the psychological health of residents.

The article reveals the peculiarities of the coverage of the architectural heritage in Ukraine from the historiographical point of view. The theoretical basis of the paper is the work of national and foreign culturologists, urban planners, geourbanists etc. During the twentieth century the thematic sphere of research of the city as a cultural phenomenon has significantly expanded.

Problem setting. Decentralization reforms in Ukraine require a new way of looking at the implementation of public management mechanisms in the country as a whole. The challenges and opportunities arising during the reforms create a necessity for new mechanisms that can be applied at the local level of public management. Such necessities result primarily from the existing system of public management in the area of spatial planning, which currently focuses mainly on the state and regional level.

The article attempts to outline the phenomenon of spatial segregation in Lviv. It highlights the historical aspects of this phenomenon, and their impact on the current situation. Also is outlined the own classification of the social groups which have developed at present city is considering the degree of their mutual isolation.

The paper focuses on the author's method of assessing pedestrian and transport mobility of residents of modern multi-storey buildings and complexes. The study of transport routes in cities is the subject matter of entire scientific and design institutes, therefore, the method has been designed to make architects, researchers, developers and urban planners aware of a housing unit in terms of its accessibility, as well as to assess its impact on the city.

This article is written in the wake of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic to shake the world and stagnant systems. After COVID, nothing would be the same as it used to be. It is what it used to be, and we were hoping for a different turn of events. However, things will not sort themselves out. So let us take a look at what cannot do itself, but must be done in architecture and design in general.

The article deals with the workshop Urban Density Lab Vienna, that took place in Vienna in 2016 with the participation of students and professors from the Technical University of Vienna (TUV), the Department of Urban Planning (Stӓdtebau), NU "Lviv Polytechnic" (NULP), the Department of Urban Development and Architectural Design, the University of Los Andes In Bogotá (Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá). Workshop as a part of the design course of urban planning is an effective tool of the intensive designing process.